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CH 11 Study Guide
CH 11 REVIEW (Additional Medical Terms)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acute | having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course |
| ascites | a grossly enlarged, fluid-distended abdomen |
| bladder | a muscular membranous sac located in the anterior pelvic cavity which collects urine for excretion |
| calculus (pl. calculi) | an abnormal concretion in the body, usually formed of mineral salts and most commonly found in the gallbladder, kidney, or urinary bladder ; (also "stone") |
| caliber | the diameter of the inside of a round cylinder, such as a tube |
| calyx (pl. calices) | areas in the kidney that serve to drain urine |
| catheter | a flexible tube |
| condom | a sheath commonly of rubber worn over the penis (as to prevent conception or venereal infection during sexual activity) |
| convoluted | rolled or wound together with one part upon another |
| cortex (pl. cortices) | an area of the kidney just beneath the outer capsule of fibrous connective tissue |
| creatinine | a waste product of the body from muscle contractions |
| donor | one used as a source of biological material (as blood or an organ) |
| esterase | an enzyme that accelerates the hydrolysis or synthesis of esters |
| fistula | an abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the body surface, or from one organ to another |
| flank | the fleshy part of the side between the ribs and the hip |
| Foley catheter | an indwelling tube that drains urine continuously from the bladder |
| fundus | the rounded top of the bladder (Latin for "the part farthest away from the opening") |
| glomerulus (pl. glomeruli) | a network of intertwining capillaries within the kidney (Latin for "ball of yarn") |
| glucose | the presence of glucose in urine indicated uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, with excess glucose in the blood "spilling" over into the urine |
| hilum (pl. hila) | an area of indentation on the medial surface of the kidney |
| hydroureter | an enlargement of the ureter from obstructed urine |
| ketones | presence found in urine indicate the body is metabolizing fat instead of glucose (seen in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, or in marathon runners) |
| kidney | either of a pair of bean-shaped organs in the back part of the abdominal cavity that form and excrete urine, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and act as endocrine glands |
| meatus | a natural body passage (Latin for "a passage") |
| medulla (pl. medullae) | an area of the kidney beneath the renal cortex |
| mucosa | a mucous membrane lining the bladder |
| nephron | a microscopic structure in the kidney ; the site of urine production |
| nephron loop | (formerly loop of Henle) a u-shaped tubule at the proximal end of the convoluted tubule |
| occult | hidden |
| orifice | an opening through which something may pass |
| parenchyma | the functional or working area of any organ |
| penis | the male organ of copulation and of urinary excretion |
| pH | a test of how acidic or alkaline the urine is |
| postvoid | after urination |
| prostate | a spherical gland at the base of the bladder in men |
| protein | presence of protein in the urine indicated damage to the glomerulus |
| renal pelvis (pl. pelves) | a large, funnel-shaped cavity in the kidney that narrows to become the ureter |
| rugae (sing. ruga) | folds in the mucosa of the bladder when it is empty (Latin for "wrinkle") |
| sphincter | muscle that normally maintains constriction of a body passage or orifice and that relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning |
| turbid | cloudy or milky (in urine indicates white blood cells and a urinary tract infection) |
| urea | a waste product of the body from protein metabolism |
| ureter | a 12-inch tube that connects the renal pelvis of the kidney to the bladder |
| urethra | a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body |
| uric acid | a waste product of the body from the purine metabolism which occurs pathologically in renal calculi (kidney stones) and the tophi of gout |
| urinalysis | a test to determine the characteristics of the urine and detect substances in it |
| Wilms' tumor | a cancer of the kidney that occurs in children from residual embryonic or fetal tissue |
Created by:
linju156
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