Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CH 10 Study Guide
CH 10 REVIEW (Additional Medical Terms)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abducens | 6th cranial nerve, sends motor commands to one of the extraocular muscles to move the eye |
| absence seizure | impaired consciousness with slight or no muscle activity (also petit mal seizure) |
| acetylcholine | a neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic division and somatic nervous system |
| alpha fetoprotein (AFP) | a test performed on sample of amniotic fluid taken from the uterus by amniocentesis |
| Alzheimer's disease | a hereditary dementia that is known to run in families with inherited chromosomal mutations |
| amnesia | partial or total (global) loss of memory of recent or remote (past) experiences |
| aura | a visual, olfactory, sensory, or auditory sign (flashing lights, strange odor, tingling, or buzzing sound) |
| automatism | an automatic action, any action performed without the doer's intention or awareness |
| axon | an elongated extension of the cytoplasm at the end of the neuron |
| Babinski's sign | a neurologic test to determine injury to the parietal lobe of the cerebrum or to the spinal nerves |
| benign | of no danger to health, especially relating to a tumorous growth ; not malignant |
| brain | the largest part of the central nervous system located in the cranium |
| brainstem | a column of tissue that begins in the center of the brain and continues to meet the spinal cord |
| canal | tubular passageway or channel (Latin) |
| carotid | of, situated near, or involving a carotid artery |
| cauda equina | a group of nerve roots at the inferior end of the spinal cord |
| central | of, relating to, or comprising the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebellum | the separate rounded section of the brain that lies inferior and posterior to the cerebrum |
| cerebrum | the largest and most obvious part of the brain |
| coma | deep state of unconsciousness and unresponsiveness caused by trauma, disease, metabolic, or glucose imbalance |
| corpus callosum | a connecting arch of neurons deep within the brain allowing the two hemispheres to communicate with each other |
| cortex | bark of a tree (Latin) |
| cranium | skull |
| Curtzfeldt-Jacob disease | a fatal neurological disorder, caused by a small infectious protein particle from cows infected with mad cow disease |
| deficit | a lack or impairment in mental or physical functioning |
| dopamine | neurotransmitter in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain, and limbic system |
| dura mater | the outermost layer of meninges below the bony cranium |
| endorphins | neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus, thalamus, and brainstem, also natural pain relievers |
| epilepsy | recurring condition in which neurons in the brain spontaneously send out electrical impulses in an abnormal, uncontrolled way |
| epinephrine | a neurotransmitter that stimulates the sympathetic division, "fight or flight" |
| evoke | to elicit or draw forth |
| Glasgow Coma Scale | numerical scale that measures the depth of a coma from 1 to 15 |
| grand mal seizure | unconsciousness with excessive motor activity (also tonic-clonic seizure) |
| Guillain-Barre | autoimmune disorder in which the body makes antibodies against myelin |
| gyrus (pl. gyri) | narrow groove |
| Huntington's chorea | progressive inherited degenerative disease of the brain that begins in middle age |
| infarct | tissue death and an area of necrosis from disruption or blockage of blood flow |
| hypothalamus | a portion of the brain that functions as part of both the endocrine and nervous systems |
| lobe | sections or divisions of each hemisphere of the cerebrum |
| medulla oblongata | the most inferior part of the brainstem, containing the respiratory centers |
| meninges | a three layer membrane around the brain |
| migraine | specific recurring headache with sudden onset and severe, throbbing pain, often with nausea and vomiting and sensitivity to light |
| myelin | a fatty, white insulating layer on large axons |
| nerve | bundles of individual nerve cells (neurons) |
| nerve root | a nerve fiber bundle that emerges from either side of the spinal cord and joins with a complementary bundle to form each spinal nerve in the series of spinal nerves |
| norepinephrine | major neurotransmitter of the sympathetic division, also in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord |
| nucleus | a group of specialized nerve cells or a localized mass of gray matter in the brain or spinal cord |
| nucleus pulposus | an elastic pulpy mass lying in the center of each intervertebral fibrocartilage |
| palsy | complete or partial muscle paralysis, often accompanied by loss of sensation and uncontrollable body movement or tremors |
| Parkinson's disease | chronic, degenerative disease of imbalance in neurotransmitters in the brain |
| pia mater | the innermost layer of the meninges next to the brain |
| plaque | a deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of an arterial wall, characteristic of atherosclerosis |
| pons | a relay station in the brain that links nerve impulses from the spinal cord to the midbrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebrum |
| positron | a positively charged particle having the same mass and magnitude of charge as the electron and constituting the antiparticle of the electron (also positive electron) |
| proprioception | the unconscious perception of movement and spatial orientation arising from stimuli within the body itself |
| reflex | a rapid, involuntary muscle reaction that is controlled by the spinal cord |
| resonance | the enhancement of an atomic, nuclear, or particle reaction or a scattering event by excitation of internal motion in the system |
| Romberg test | a neurological test to detect poor balance ; specifically, it detects the inability to maintain a steady standing posture with eyes closed |
| sciatica | pain, numbness, and prickling or tingling along a dermatome of a spinal nerve |
| Schwann cells | cells that produce myelin that surrounds the larger axons of the neurons of cranial and spinal nerves |
| schwannoma | brain tumor in the Schwann cells near the cranial or spinal nerves |
| serotonin | neurotransmitters in synapses between neurons of the limbic system, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and spinal cord |
| shunt | a passage between two natural body channels, such as blood vessels, especially one created surgically to divert or permit flow from one pathway or region to another ; a bypass |
| spina bifida | congenital abnormality of the neural tube with incomplete formation of vertebrae |
| status epilepticus | a state of prolonged continuous seizure activity or frequently repeated individual seizures that occur without the patient regaining consciousness |
| substantia nigra | a gray-to-black pigmented area of the brain that produces dopamine that regulates muscle tone |
| sulcus (pl. sulci) | a furrow or groove |
| synapse | a space between two neurons |
| syncope | temporary loss of consciousness |
| thalamus | a portion near the center of the brain that acts as a relay station for sensory information |
| vagus nerve | the 10th cranial nerve, receives sensory information for taste, touch, temperature, vibration, and pain |
| ventricle | four interconnected cavities within the brain |
| von Recklinghausen's disease | (also neurofibromatosis) hereditary disease with multiple benign fibrous tumors that arise from peripheral nerves |
Created by:
linju156
Popular Health & Social Care sets