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health science mid t
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atrial fibrillation (sh) | A-fib |
| Automated external defibrillator (sh) | AED |
| Coronary artery bypass graft | CABG |
| Electrocardiogram | EKG, ECG |
| Myocardial infarction | MI |
| Ventricular fibrillation | V-fib |
| What are some functions of the blood? | transport oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues, returns some waste products from tissues to the kidneys, carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs, plays important role in the immune system |
| What makes up the cardiovascular system? | heart, blood vessels, blood |
| Where is the epicardium? | external layer of the heart, inner layer of pericardium |
| Where is the myocardium | middle, thickest part |
| Where is the endocardium | inner lining of the heart, direct contact with the blood, supplied oxygen rich blood by the coronary arteries, |
| Eponym vs acronym | eponym: named after person, acronym: named using the letters of the long word |
| Diagnosis | identifying the disease (Dx) |
| Differential diagnosis | the process of differentiating between two or more conditions which share similar signs or symptoms (D/Dx) |
| Prognosis | recovery instructions |
| Remission | the disease is gone |
| What is the peritoneum | lines the abdominal wall |
| Parietal peritoneum | outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall |
| Mesentery | fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall |
| Visceral peritoneum | inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity; visceral means relating to the internal organs |
| Peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| Retroperitoneal | behind the the peritoneum |
| What are stem cells | maintain and repair tissue |
| Transverse plane | horizontal |
| Frontal | Vertical, side to side |
| Sagittal | vertical, front to back |
| Ventral | front/belly side of organ or body |
| Dorsal | back of organ or body |
| Posterior | back of organ or body |
| Anterior | front of organ or body |
| Superior | uppermost |
| Inferior | lowermost |
| Cephalic | toward the head |
| Caudal | toward the feet |
| Proximal | nearest midline |
| Distal | farthest from midline |
| Medial | toward the midline |
| Dorsal cavity contains: | cranial cavity and spinal cavity |
| Ventral contains: | thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| Right hypochondriac region | right side breast and ribs |
| Epigastric region | middle of chest, above the stomach |
| Left hypochondriac region | left side breast and ribs |
| Right lumber region | right side stomach |
| Umbilical region | middle of stomach |
| Left lumber region | left side stomach |
| Right illac region | right side hip bone |
| Hypogastric region | middle of hip bones |
| Left illac region | left side hip bones |
| Incomplete tissue formation | aplasia, hypoplasia |
| Abnormal tissue formation | anaplasia, dysplasia, hyperplasia, hypertrophy |
| What/where is red bone marrow | jelly like marrow that makes red blood cells; found outer most |
| What/where is yellow bone marrow | mostly made of fat, inner most part of the bone |
| Herniated disk | when the cartilage between your vertebrae slips or leaks |
| Kyphosis | curve in spine high to the sKy |
| Lordosis | curve in spine Low |
| Lumbago | lower back pain |
| Rickets | weak joints and bones in kids (bowed legs) |
| Crepitation | creaking of joints and bones |
| Traction | treatment for broken bones |
| Myocardial | heart muscles |
| Smooth muscles | walls of internal organs |
| Skeletal muscles | attached to bones, make movement possible |
| Myoparesis | muscle weakness or slight muscular paralysis |
| Hemiparesis | weakness of one side of the body (think stroke) |
| Hemiplegia | paralysis of one side of the body |
| Paraplegia | paralysis of either lower or upper part of the body |
| Quadriplegia | paralysis of all four limbs |
| Adhesion | union of two opposing tissue surfaces, scar tissue spider webs |
| Ataxia | loss of coordination of voluntary muscle movements |
| Atrophy | loss of muscle tissue |
| Bradykinesia | slow movements |
| Cachexia | unintentional weight loss |
| Dyskinesia | involuntary movements of the face or limbs |
| Dystonia | unintentional sustained muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures. |
| Fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia in your foot |
| Hernia | protrusion of a tissue through the wall of the cavity |
| Hyperkinesia | fast movements |
| Hypotonia | low muscle tone |
| Myasthenia Gravis | weakness of skeletal muscles |
| Myoclonus | sleep jerks |
| Muscular Dystrophy | progressive muscle weaknessq |
| Paralysis | loss of movement/use |
| Spinal Cord Injury | SCI |
| Tendinitis | inflammation of tendon |
| ADL | activities of daily living |
| Contraction | reversible reduction in size |
| Contracture | permanent tightness of muscle (deformity) |
| Fascia | a flat band of tissue below the skin that covers underlying tissues and separates different layers of tissue |
| Innervation | to supply with nerves |
| Relaxation | relaxation lmao |
| RICE | rest, ice, compression and elevation |
| Striated Muscles | muscles with stripes |
| Tendon | fibrous band |
| Unstriated Muscles | non striped muscles |
| Voluntary Muscles | muscles that don't move unless you want them to |
| What is the pericardium | sac that holds the heart |
| What values are in the heart | tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic |
| Arteries carry ___ blood | oxygenated |
| Veins carry ___ blood | deoxygenated |
| SA node | establishes basic rhythm rate |
| AV node | receives impulses from SA and transmits on to the bundle of His |
| Bundle of His (HIS) | ensures sequence of heart contractions; impulses travel onward to the right and left ventricles and the Purkinje fibers |
| Capillaries | smallest vessels in the body, one epithelial cell in thickness, link veins and arteries |
| What are the types of WBCs | neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes |
| Neutrophils | play a major role in the immune system’s defense against pathogens (NEUtralize illness) |
| Basophils | responsible for causing the symptoms of allergies (BAd particles) |
| Eosinophils | destroy parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions (End the allergy) |
| Lymphocytes | identify foreign substances and germs (bacteria or viruses); produce antibodies that specifically target them |
| Monocytes | provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms |
| Thrombocytes | platelets, clot blood |
| Blood consists of ___ and ___ | 55% plasma, 45% other |
| Plasma | straw colored fluid, 92% water, 8% proteins |
| Serum | plasma fluid after the blood cells and proteins have been removed |
| Anemia | lack of red blood cells |
| Aneurysm | bulge in the wall of an artery |
| Angina | lack of blood to the heart |
| Arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
| Atherosclerosis | build up of plaque in the arteries |
| Cardiac Arrest | heart stops beating |
| Carditis | inflammation of the heart |
| Cardiomyopathy | all diseases of the heart muscle |
| Coronary Artery Disease | hardening of the coronary arteries |
| Embolism | sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus (something in the blood) |
| Heart Failure | heart can't pump out all the blood |
| Ischemia | no oxygen to parts of the body |
| Myocardial Infarction is a ___ | heart attack |
| Phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| Sepsis | infection of blood |
| Thrombosis | clot in the artery or vein |
| Hypoperfusion | blood not passing through organ or body part |
| Hypertension | high blood pressure |
| Hypotension | low blood pressure |
| Infarct | dead tissue caused by lack of blood |
| Occlusion | total blockage |
| PVD | disorders of the blood vessels outside of the heart and brain |
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