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CH 9 Study Guide
CH 9 REVIEW (Orthopedics Muscular - Med Terms)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| muscle | moves the bony framework of the body |
| musculoskeletal system | the close relationship between the muscles and the bones |
| tendon | a cordlike, non-elastic, white fibrous band of connective tissue |
| bursa | thin sac of synovial membrane filled with synovial fluid, acts as a cushion to reduce friction where a tendon rubs against the bone near a synovial joint |
| flexion | bending a joint to decrease the angle between the two bones or two body parts |
| extension | straightening and extending a joint to increase the angle between two bones or two body parts |
| abduction | moving a body part away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | moving a body part toward the midline of the body |
| rotation | moving a body part around its axis |
| supination | turning the palm of the hand anteriorly or upward |
| pronation | turning the palm of the hand posteriorly or downward |
| eversion | turning a body part outward and toward the side |
| inversion | turning a body part inward |
| intercostal muscles | muscles between the ribs |
| hypertrophy | an increase in the size of a muscle |
| atrophy | loss of muscle bulk in one or more muscles caused by lack of use by malnutrition, or it can occur in any part of the body that's paralyzed because muscles receive no electrical impulses from the nerves |
| atrophic | the loss of muscle bulk |
| avulsion | condition in which the muscle tears away from the tendon or the tendon tears away from the bone |
| contracture | inactivity or paralysis coupled with continuing nerve impulses can cause an arm or leg muscle to become progressively flexed and drawn into a position where it becomes nearly immovable |
| fibromyalgia | pain located at specific, hyperirritable trigger points in the muscles of the neck, back, or hips |
| torticollis | painful spasm of the muscles on one side of the neck, known as wryneck |
| muscular dystrophy | genetic mutation of the gene that normally makes the muscle protein dystrophin |
| myalgia | pain in a muscle due to injury or muscle disease |
| polymyalgia | pain in several muscle groups |
| myasthenia gravis | autoimmune disorder with abnormal and rapid fatigue of the muscles, particularly in the muscles of the face, where there is ptosis of the eyelids |
| myasthenia | condition of lack of strength of the muscle |
| ptosis | drooping |
| myopathy | category that includes many different diseases of the muscles |
| myositis | inflammation of a muscle with localized swelling and tenderness |
| polymyositis | chronic, progressive disease that causes widespread inflammation of the muscles with weakness and fatigue |
| repetitive strain injury | condition affecting the muscles, tendons, and sometimes the nerves |
| rhabdomyoma | benign tumor in a muscle |
| rhabdomyosarcoma | cancerous tumor in a muscle |
| ataxia | incoordination of the muscles during movement, particularly incoordination of the gait |
| bradykinesia | abnormally slow muscle movements or a decrease in the number of spontaneous muscle movements |
| dyskinesia | abnormal motions that occur because of difficulty controlling the voluntary muscles |
| myoclonus | attempts at movement become tics, muscle spasms, muscle jerking |
| athetoid movements | slow, wandering, purposeless writhing of the hand |
| hyperkinesis | an abnormally increased amount of muscle movements |
| restless leg syndrome | an uncomfortable restlessness and twitching of the muscles of the legs, particularly the calf muscles, along with an indescribable tingling, aching, or crawling-insect sensation |
| tremor | small, involuntary, sometimes jerky, back-and-forth movement of the hands, head, jaw, or extremities |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursal sac because of repetitive muscle contractions or pressure on the bone underneath the bursa |
| fascilitis | inflammation of the fascia around a muscle |
| ganglion | semisolid or fluid-containing cyst that develops on a tendon |
| tendinitis | inflammation of any tendon from injury or overuse |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation and pain due to overuse of a tendon and inability of the synovium to produce enough lubricating fluid |
| electromyography | process of recording electricity activity as muscles contract and release |
| electromyogram | picture or record of electrical activity as muscles contract and release |
| deep tendon reflexes | procedure that tests whether the muscular-nervous pathway is functioning normally |
| fasciectomy | procedure to partially or totally remove the fascia that is causing Dupuytren's contracture |
| fasciotomy | procedure to cute the fascia and release pressure from built-up blood and tissue fluid in a patient with compartment syndrome |
| ganglionectomy | procedure to removes a ganglion from a tendon |
| myorrhaphy | procedure to suture together a torn muscle after an injury |
| tenorrhaphy | procedure to suture together a torn tendon after an injury |
| analgesic drugs | over the counter drugs aspirin and acetaminophen decease mild to moderate inflammation and pain |
| beta-blocker drugs | block the action of epinephrine to suppress essential familial tremor |
| muscle relaxant drugs | relieve muscle spasm and stiffness |
| neuromuscular blocker drugs | block acetylcholine receptors to prevent muscle contraction |
| chiropractors | diagnose and treat patients with injuries involving the bones, muscles, and nerves by manipulating the alignment of the vertebral column |
| Osteopathy D.O. | can diagnose and treat any patient but base their treatment on osteopathy |
| Podiatrist | diagnose and treat medical and surgical conditions of the foot |
| Physiatrist | physicians who specialize in physical medicine and rehabilitation |
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linju156
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