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CCMA CH 10
CCMA CH 10 REVIEW (Infection Control)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control |
| CDC introduced | universal precautions in the 1980s in response to the HIV and hepatitis cases |
| OSHA implemented | the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard in 2001 in order to provide further protection |
| OSHA Requirements | - protections for jobs with exposure to infectious material - use of PPE - action plan for exposure incidents - labeling of hazardous materials - immunizations offered - record-keeping - training for Bloodborne Pathogens Standard |
| Six Links in the Chain of Infection | - Infectious agent (pathogen) - Reservoir - Portal of Exit - Mode of transmission - Portal of entry - Susceptible Host |
| Infectious Agent (Pathogen) | must be present for spread to occur - most often either viruses, bacteria, fungi, or protozoa |
| Reservoir | environment for pathogen survival - ex) patient, inanimate object - human body is ideal due to presence of nutrients, moisture, ideal temp., pH levels |
| Portal of Exit | passageway that the pathogen uses to exit the reservoir - ex) infected body fluids |
| Mode of Transmission | Direct: contact with infected person or body fluid with pathogen Indirect: intermediate step between portal exit and portal of entry (ex. fomites or vectors) |
| Portal of Entry | ex) open wound, mouth, nose, eyes, intestines, urinary tract, reproductive system |
| Susceptible Host | several factors increase its ability to infect including age, overall health, condition of immune system |
| Asepsis | condition of being free from infection or infectious material |
| Steps to keep clinical environment clean | - clean office daily - move sick and contagious patients to an exam room or separate waiting area away from well-check patients - don't allow eating or drinking in patient areas - hand reminder signs regarding prevention methods |
| Medical Asepsis | daily clean technique clinical setting ; removes microorganisms after they leave the body - reduce the number of microorganisms, prohibit growth/transmission - doesn't eliminate all possible pathogens but greatly reduces numbers and ability to multiply |
| Surgical Asepsis | - removal of all microorganisms ; must be used during invasive procedure/when there's penetration of patient's skin or mucous membranes - eliminate microorganisms from entering body - sterile gloves, gown, drapes - antiseptic skin preparation |
| CDC Hand Hygiene Recommendations | - before, after patient contact - after contact with contaminated surfaces, body fluids (blood) - before performing an aseptic technique - before, after contact w/ supplies/equipment near patients - after contact w/ dirty site to contact w/ clean site |
| Sanitization | - reduces number of microbes to prepare for sterilization or disinfection - especially helpful for visible debris - gloves necessary - ultrasonic sanitization for very delicate instruments (loosens debris, also lessens risk of sharps exposure) |
| Disinfection | - destroys pathogens on a surface - doesn't destroy all of microbial spores, but reduces spread of infection - processes sometimes include lengthy submission in disinfection solutions common in clinical setting - Glutaraldehyde, takes longer submission) |
| Sterilization of Medical Equipment | - destruction of all pathogens and spores - use of dry heat, gas, chemicals, ultraviolet radiation, ionizing radiation, chemicals, or steam under pressure in an autoclave - specific handling required when sterilized |
| Disinfection/Sterilization of Endoscopes | - a complex process due to the nature of the procedure of this device is used for and normal techniques can damage it - review manufacturer's guidelines before cleaning |
| 1) Pre-cleaning | - done immediately after the endoscope has been removed from the patient - wipe with cloth and soak in cleaning solution |
| 2) Leak testing | - use air, pressure, and water to determine if any damage to the endoscope had occurred |
| 3) Manual cleaning | - use the recommended cleaning solution to manually remove debris from the internal and external surfaces of the endoscope |
| 4) Rinse after cleaning | - rinse all parts of the endoscope with clean water to further reduce the chances of any debris or cleaning solution from remaining |
| 5) High-level disinfection (manual or automated) | - use recommended high-level disinfectant that the manufacturer suggests for immersion and flushing of endoscope pieces |
| 6) Rinse after high-level disinfection | - rinse all parts to assure no residual chemical disinfectant remains on the endoscope |
| 7) Drying | - rinse all parts with alcohol and then dry with forced air - store endoscope vertically in a clean, dry, and dust-free environment |
| OSHA disposal of infectious and hazardous waste (sharps) | - use PPE and Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) - any item coming in contact w/ blood or body fluids must be disposed of properly - needles and scalpels/blades go into sharps container (uncapped) |
| OSHA disposal of infectious and hazardous waste (biohazard bag) | - non-sharps go into a biohazard bag (sealed @ 2/3 full) - bags marked w/ biohazard symbols, impermeable polyethylene or polypropylene material - lid required + replaced after each use - OSHA approved agencies/waste management dispose of materials |
| PPE (gloves, goggles, face shields, and gowns) | - employees responsibility to use PPE when contact with blood or bodily fluids - if allergic to latex, use hypoallergenic or powder-free gloves (work provides) |
| Safety Data Sheet (SDSs) | anytime a new chemical is brought into a work environment, SDS information must accompany the chemical |
| (SDS) Identification | product identifier, manufacturer information, recommended use, restrictions on use |
| (SDS) Hazard Identification | all hazards related to the chemical label requirements |
| (SDS) Composition/Ingredients | chemical ingredients |
| (SDS) First-aid measures | symptoms and effects from exposure including treatment necessary |
| (SDS) Fire-fighting measures | appropriate extinguishing methods and chemical hazards from fire |
| (SDS) Accidental release measures | emergency procedures, PPE, containment, cleanup |
| (SDS) Handling and storage | safe handling and appropriate storage requirements |
| (SDS) Exposure controls/personal protection | recommended exposure limits and PPE necessary |
| (SDS) Physical and chemical properties | chemical characteristics |
| (SDS) Stability and reactivity | chemical stability and potential reactions |
| (SDS) Toxicological information | measures of toxicity, acute and chronic effects, routes of exposure - also needs to include ecological, disposal, transport, and regulatory information regarding the chemical |
| (SDS) Other information | additional information including last revision |
Created by:
linju156
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