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CH 8 Study Guide
CH 8 REVIEW (Orthopedics: Skeletal - Additional Medical Terms)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | the deep socket of the hip joint |
| acromion | a long, flat projection from the scapula that connects to the clavicle |
| atlas | the first cervical vertebra (C1) |
| axis | the second cervical vertebra (C2) |
| bony | consisting of or resembling bone |
| bunion | an enlarged bump at the base of the great toe, often seen in women who wear pointy-toed shoes |
| calcaneus | heel bone ; the largest tarsal bone |
| cartilage | a smooth, firm, but flexible connective tissue |
| cast | procedure in which a rigid support of plaster or fiberglass is applied around a fractured bone to immobilize the fracture to facilitate healing |
| clavicle | collar bone, thin rodlike bone on each side of the anterior neck |
| coccyx | tail bone ; small fused vertebrae that are not individually numbered |
| Colles' fracture | distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand |
| cranium | the domelike bone at the top of the head |
| DEXA scan | procedure that measures bone mineral density (BMD) to examine for osteoporosis |
| diaphysis (pl. diaphyses) | the straight shaft of a long bone |
| digit | another term for fingers or toes |
| disk (also disc) | any of various rounded or flattened anatomical structures, as intervertebral disk |
| displaced | out of normal anatomical alignment |
| epiphysis (pl. epiphyses) | the two widened ends of a long bone |
| Ewing's sarcoma | a malignant bone tumor occurring mainly in young men |
| femur (pl. femora) | thigh bone |
| fibula (pl. fibulae) | the very thin bone on the lateral side of the lower leg |
| fontanel | large areas of fibrous connective tissue between the cranial bones in the fetus and small child |
| foramen | the hole through which the spinal cord passes to joint the brain |
| fossa | a depression |
| genu valgum | congenital deformity in which the knees are rotated toward the midline (knock-knee) |
| genu varum | congenital deformity in which the knees are rotated laterally away from each other (bowleg) |
| gout | metabolic disorder of high level of uric acid in the blood, most often in men in the great toe (big toe) |
| graft | to implant (living tissue) surgically |
| hallux | the innermost digit (as the big toe in humans) |
| hallux valgus | deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes |
| humerus (pl. humeri) | the long bone in the upper arm |
| ischium | the most inferior of the hip bones |
| joint | where two bones come together |
| ligament | strong fibrous bands of connective tissue that hold two bones together in a synovial joint |
| Lyme disease | arthritis caused by a bacterium in the bit of an infected deer tick |
| malleolus (pl. malleoli) | the bony protuberance on either side of the ankle, at the lower end of the fibula or of the tibia the lower jaw bone |
| mandible | the lower jaw bone |
| manubrium | the triangular upper portion of the sternum |
| maxilla | the upper jaw bone |
| meniscus (pl. menisci) | a special crescent-shaped cartilage pad in some synovial joints (the knee) |
| metatarsal | the five bones of the of the midfoot, one for each toe |
| nondisplaced | in normal anatomical alignment |
| nucleus pulposus | the gelatinous substance inside of each intervertebral disk |
| oblique | neither perpendicular nor parallel ; being on an incline |
| olecranon | a large, square projection that forms the point of the elbow |
| ossicle | each of the three tiny bones in each middle ear |
| patella (pl. patellae) | kneecap |
| pectus excavatum | a congenital chest deformity caused by depression of the breastbone, or sternum |
| pelvis | the hip bones as well as the sacrum and coccyx of the spinal column |
| periosteum | a thick, fibrous membrane covering the surface of a bone |
| phalanx (pl. phalanges) | individual bones of the fingers and bones |
| process | the bony structure of the head, including the cranium and facial bones |
| prosthesis | a device, either external or implanted, that substitutes for or supplements a missing or defective part of the body |
| pubis | pubic bone, a small, bridge-like bone, is the most anterior of the hip bones |
| radius | the bone in the forearm that lies on the thumb side |
| ray | finger or toe |
| rongeur | forceps that are used to remove small bone fragments |
| sacrum | a group of five fused vertebrae that are not individually numbered, except for the first (S1) |
| scapula (pl. scapulae) | a shoulder blade, a triangular-shaped bone on either side of the spinal column in the upper back |
| skeleton | the internal structure composed of bone and cartilage that protects and supports the soft organs, tissues, and other parts of a vertebrate organism |
| skull | the line where on cranial bone meets another |
| spine | backbone |
| sprain | overstretching or tearing of a ligament |
| sternum | breastbone |
| suture | the line of union in an immovable articulation (as between the bones of the skull) |
| talipes equinovarus | congenital deformity in which the foot is pulled downward and toward the midline (clubfoot) |
| thorax | rib cage |
| tibia (pl. tibiae) | shin bone |
| tophus (pl. tophi) | masses of uric acid crystals in the soft tissues |
| ulna (pl. ulnae) | the forearm bone that lies on the little finger side |
| vertebra (pl. vertebrae) | any of the bony or cartilaginous segments that make up the spinal column |
| vomer | a narrow wall of bone that forms that inferior part of the nasal septum |
| x-ray | procedure to diagnose bony abnormalities |
| zygoma (zygomatic bone) | the bone forms each cheek bone ; the edge of the eye socket |
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linju156
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