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Eyes/Ears

SymptomsDiseaseHow to diagnoseHow to treat
Visual deficits, squinting, headaches, frequent eye rubbing Refractive errors (hyperopia - farsightedness, presbyopia - farsighted bc age, myopia - nearsighted, astigmatism) Visual acuity, exam Prescription, lenses, LAS
Continuous horizontal, vertical, circular eye movements. Blurred vision Nystagmus CT, MRI Treat underlying cause
Pain, tenderness, redness at infection site (outside of eye). Caused by staph Hordeolum (stye) Exam Warm compress, antibiotic drops, incision/drainage
Pain, redness, tearing on eye Corneal Abrasion History/exam, fluorescein stain, black light exam Remove any foreign bodies, topical anesthetic/antibiotic
Gradual loss/blurring of vision. Faded colors, halos around lights. Painless Cataract Visual acuity test. Ophthalmoscopic exam of the eye Surgery/lenses
Mild aching pain, visual disturbances, halos around lights, noticeable loss of peripheral vision. Glaucoma Tonometers to measure eye pressure. Visual acuity Eye drops, laser surgery, microsurgery to lower eye pressure
Seeing cobwebs, floating spots, flashes of light, sensation of shade coming across the eye. Progressive loss of vision. Painless. EMERGENT Retinal detachment Ophthalmoscopic exam Laser surgery, cryopexy
Mild to severe visual loss, distortion. Gradual loss of central/sharp vision Macular Degeneration Eye exam, amsler chart/grid to detect small changes in vision. Laser therapy may delay onset of blindness
Double/blurred vision. One eye wanders Strabismus History, complete ophthalmoscopic exam. Corneal light-reflex test Depends on cause. Eye exercises, lenses, botulinum toxin injection, surgery
Red, swollen conjunctivae. Itching, burning, pain. Discharge in one or both eyes, excessive tearing, light sensitive Conjunctivitis (pink eye) History/exam Treat cause. Antibiotics, warm compress 3-4x a day.
Pain. Intense photophobia, blurred vision, redness, dark floating spots in vision. Nonreactive pupil Uveitis Ophthalmic exam, slit-lamp exam Prompt/vigorous treatment. Dark glasses, eye drops to dilate pupil/relieve pain, steroid eye drops/ointment.
Burning/itching eyelid, red-rimmed eyelids. Dry, oily scales on eyelid margins Blepharitis History/exam Keep lids clean, wipe away crusts. Warm compress. Wash with baby shampoo.
\Irritation, tearing, photophobia. Redness, mucopurulent discharge Keratitis Slit-lamp, fluorescein staining Eye drops/ointment depending on cause. May require an eye patch.
Pain, itching, red, swollen ear canal. Purulent, foul-smelling drainage from ear canal External otitis (swimmer's ear) History/exam. Bacterial culture Antibiotics/analgesics. Hygiene, heat compress.
Fullness/pressure in affected ear, hearing impairment, pain, fever, chills, dizziness, irritability, fussiness. Perforated tympanic membrane. Otitis Media Otoscopic exam or ear canal and tympanic membrane. May see fluid bubbles, bulging, red discoloration Antibiotics (amoxicillin). Tubes for chronic infections.
Gradual hearing loss of low tones/soft sounds. May turn head to hear better Otosclerosis Hearing tests, Rinne and Weber test Hearing aids. Stapedectomy and prosthesis inserted.
Loss of equilibrium, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, anorexia. Motion sickness History/exam Antihistamines, antiemetics, desatives. Medicated patch. Ginger tea/slices/capsules
Vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss Meniere's Disease Audiometry, MRI Salt-free diet, diuretics, antihistamines, mild sedatives. Surgery can remove inner ear sense organ.
Difficulty hearing/tinnitus. Varies in severity Hearing loss/Deafness History, exam, Weber and Rinne tests, CT, MRI, audiometry. Determine the cause of impairment Hearing aids, surgery, cochlear implants
Created by: Hwshelt
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