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Ch 40
Hearing and Vision Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hearing and sight are important for what? | 1)communicating 2)learning 3)moving 4)ADLs 5)keep us alert to danger |
| common causes of hearing and sight challenges inc: | 1)congenital disorders/conditions 2)disease 3)accidents 4)aging |
| hearing and vision challenges are found mainly in elderly t/f | f; all age groups |
| hearing and vision challenges range from mild to severe t/f | t |
| the ___________ is needed for hearing and balance | ear |
| ear ___________ range from mild hearing impairment to complete hearing loss (deafness) | disorders |
| hearing impairment always comes on gradually t/f | f; can be sudden onset or gradual |
| there is great concern about kids, teens, young adults listening to loud music and it causing future hearing loss t/f | t |
| there must be more public awareness of using ear protection, even when using a lawn mower t/f | t |
| hearing loss always affects both ears t/f | f; can affect one or both |
| otitis media | infection of middle ear. acute/ chronic mainly affecting infants/ kids. causes; cold/ flu/ lg tonsils/ allergies block Eustachian tube not allowing fresh air into middle ear. |
| symptoms of acute otitis inc: | 1)irritability 2)poor appetite 3)ear pain |
| chronic otitis | fluid in middle ear builds up, becomes thick/ difficult to drain. can damage ear drum/ ossicles. can result in perm hearing loss |
| otosclerosis | abnormal formation of new bone in middle ear/immobilizes stapes/ prevents vibration response to sound. hereditary cond causing hearing loss/ tinnitis in adults. surgery can fix |
| tinnitus | ringing in ears |
| meieres disease | increase in fluid in inner ear that causes pressure in middle ear causing vertigo/ tinnitus/ hearing loss. usually one ear is affected |
| vertigo | dizziness |
| presbycusis | gradual hearing loss associated with aging after 50. no cure. hearing aids/ speech reading are helpful |
| temp hearing loss | blockage of ear canal w/ cerumen. common in oldr adults. can affect balance. nurse/ dr removes ear wax. encourage ear wax to leave ears naturally, avoid ear swabs |
| cerumen | ear wax |
| when helping clients with severe hearing and vision loss: | 1)speak clearly in normal tone 2)do not mumble/ shout/ use slang/ infantalize/ ask others to speak for client 3)inc client in convos 4)speak to clients not interpreters 5)use noun form of the disability 6)explain step by step what you are doing |
| clients who are impaired in one are are always impaired in other areas t/f | f; having a disability in one area is do not impact other areas of able bodiment |
| its important to indicate when you are finished procedures t/f | t |
| signs and symptoms of hearing loss are the same for everyone and follow distinct steps t/f | f; vary and are not always obvious |
| obvious signs and symptoms of hearing impairment in adults and kids inc; | 1)speaking too loudly 2)leaning forward to hear 3)turning/ cupping unaffected ear 4)responding inappropriately 5)asking for words repeated |
| hearing impairment affects the whole person t/f | t |
| not being able to ____ can cause speech problems | hear |
| Canadian Hearing Society | resource for clients, families, support workers. info and educational materials available |
| aids that help with hearing impairment inc: | 1)hearing aids 2)special telephone systems 3)signalling devices 4)hearing dogs |
| hearing aids | device that fits inside/ behind/ in ear to makes sounds louder. not a cure. help minimise background noise. makes speech louder not clearer. report missing/ damaged aids to supervisor. ensure clients name on device |
| tips for troubleshooting hearing aid problems inc: | 1)store in safe, cool, dry space 2)look for visual damage 3)listen to whistle sound when turning off on to ensure battery works 4)check battery life 5)check CP for care 6)remove wax 7)dr for ear cleaning 8)avoid water near aids |
| enhanced headphones | amplify sound of peoples voices. some can be used for watching tv/ listening to music |
| special telephone systems are also referred to as __________________ | telephone teletypes (TTys) |
| special telephone systems | allow people with hearing loss to communicate thru telephone system. type messages back/ forth |
| amplified telephone handsets | make callers voice louder |
| extension bells | make telephone ring much louder |
| signalling devices | attack to telephones, doorbells, smoke alarms. light flashes when sound is made to alert person. can inc vibration |
| emails | text message thru computers/ cellphones improving ability of clients with hearing impairment to communicate with those that hear. speaking computer software also available |
| hearing dogs | trained dogs that alert person to diff sounds |
| closed captioning | 1993 all TVs with 13' screen r bigger have built in decoder allowing clients to enjoy programs using CC |
| legally blind | able to see objects at 6m |
| typical unaffected vision | able to see objects at 60m |
| conjunctivitis | inflammation of clear membrane covering whites of eyes and lines inner surface of eye |
| guidelines fro caring for clients with hearing loss inc: | 1)alert to presence 2)adjust lighting 3)reduce background noise 4)focus attention on client 5)check comm aids 6)adjust language 7)use other comm methods 8)watch for signs of fatigue 9)report environmental hazards |
| age related macular degeneration (AMD, AMRD) | breakdown of macula. associated with aging (50+). leading cause of blindness in NA. gradual/ sudden onset. not painful. can affect all ages |
| macula | central part of retina, vision is keenest/ highest concentration of cones for colour vision |
| retina | inner part of eye that senses light/ colour |
| peripheral vision | the sides, top and bottom areas of vision |
| the two types of AMD are ______ AMD and _______ AMD | wet, dry |
| wet AMD | blood vessels behind retina grow under macula, leak blood/ fluid. central vision loss sudden. early signs inc straight lines appearing wavy. |
| _____ AMD is considered more advances and more sever then _______ AMD | wet, dry |
| dry AMD | light sensitive cells in macula break down. central vision affected/ sight becomes blurry. blurred spot appears as worsens. central vision lost. |
| _____- AMD is more common than _____ AMD | dry, wet |
| retinal detachment | separation of retina from supporting tissue. vitreous thickens as people age. shrinkage/ contraction of vitreous can tug retina causing tear. permanent vision loss can occur |
| vitreous | gel like contents of eyeball |
| causes of retinal detachment inc | 1)head injury 2)fall 3)eye disease 4)health condition (diabetes, excessive near sightedness, congenital thinning of retina |
| symptoms of retinal detachment inc: | 1)flashing lights in corner of eye 2)"floaters" |
| its important a client sees an eye _______ asap as surgery can save an eye if retinal detachment is happening | dr |
| diabetic retinopathy | disorder caused by type 1. blood vessels in retina damaged. new blood vessels grow over retina creating scar tissue pulling retina from back of eye |
| routine ________ exams are encouraged for all people experiencing diabetes | eye |
| cataract | clouding of eyes lens preventing light from entering. common in older adults. gradual blurring, vision damage, light/ glare sensitivity occurs. one/ both eyes affected. surgery recommended to replace lens |
| glaucoma | eye related eye disease causing pressure in eye suddenly/ gradually, damaging optic nerve. left untreated= blindness. tunnel vision/ blurred vision/ multicoloured halos around light. meds/ surgery to treat. damage can not be reversed |
| tunnel vision | field of vision being reduced until person can see only straight ahead |
| presbyopia | gradual inability to focus on close objects. associated with aging (40+). corrective lenses, lighting and lens may help |
| severe vision loss affects the whole person t/f | t |
| eyeglasses | correct vision impairment, worn to read/ see objects. keep in case when not worn. made of glass/ plastic. wash in warm water/ dry with soft tissue. plastic lenses easily scratched. use arms when lifting from face |
| contact lenses | hard or soft. fit directly on eye. worn for 24-48 hrs or a week. remove when sleeping/ swimming. report redness, eye discomfort, blurred vision. wear gloves when handling |
| laser surgery for vision correction | corrects number of different vision problems. not all people suitable for it. |
| intra occular implants | cataract surgery implants button sized clear hard plastic/ soft plastic or silicon disc behind iris. eye drops prescribed after |
| aids for reading inc: | 1)braille 2)lg print 3)audiobooks 4)magnifiers |
| braille | writing system that uses raised dots in a certain pattern to represent each letter/ number |
| ocular prosthesis | artificial eye made of glass/ plastic that matches other eye in colour and shape. removable or permanent |
| providing a safe setting for clients with vision loss inc: | 1)removing ice prior to walks 2)clutter free environments 3)walk slightly ahead 4)doors opened or closed 5)do not rearrange furniture 6)orient clients to new settings 7)callbell w/in reach |
| guidelines for caring for clients with vision loss inc: | 1)adjust lighting 2)alert to presence 3)assist with walking p.r.n 4)assist with eating p.r.n |
Created by:
Wil.Wilson
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