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Ch 38
Developmental disorders and disabilities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | disorder that causes inappropriate levels of inattention as well as hyperactive and impulsive behaviour |
| autism spectrum disorder | a neuro developmental disorder that impairs a persons ability to communicate and interact with others. it can include restricted repetitive behaviours, interests and activities |
| cerebral palsy (CP) | disorder affecting muscle control caused by an injury or abnormality in motor region of the brain |
| cognitive disability is also referred to as ____________________ | intellectual disability |
| developmental disability | permanent disability that a person is born with or that begins before 18 years of age |
| diplegia | loss of ability to move corresponding parts on both sides of body; both arms or both legs affected. usually both legs. |
| down syndrome (DS) | congenital disorder caused by an extra chromosome ; DS results in varying degrees of intellectual disability |
| fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) | group of physical and mental abnormalities that occur in children as a result of alcohol consumption by pregnant person during pregnancy |
| fragile X syndrome | most common form of inherited developmental disorder |
| seizure | uncontrollable contractions of skeletal muscle and smooth muscle |
| spina bifida | congenital disorder caused by improper closure of spine before birth. is a neural tube defect (NTD). because spinal cord is unprotected nerve damage occurs; body parts dont function properly, partial/ complete paralysis, loss of bowel/ bladder can occur |
| tonic-clonic seizure | seizure involving convulsions; bowel/ urinary incontinence usually occurs. lasts 1-7 mins |
| disability | any loss of physical or mental function |
| many _______ begin in adulthood due to diseases, medical conditions and injuries | disabilities |
| developmental disorders are always severe t/f | f; can be mild, moderate, severe |
| developmental disorders and disabilities limit the persons ability to function in at least three of the following life activities: | 1)self care 2)understanding/ expressing speech. language 3)learning 4)mobility 5)self direction 6)independent living 7)economic self sufficiency |
| developmental disorders and disabilities only affect mental functioning t/f | f; can affect physical function, mental function or both |
| most children with disabilities do not live at home or attend regular schools t/f | f; most do live at home with their families and attend regular school with a teachers aide |
| parental caregivers may be worried about ___________ associated with their childs disorder or them being considered __________ | stigma, different |
| special equipment and adaptive and assistive devices are _____________ and may not be covered | expensive |
| families in cities will have much greater access to support than those in _________________ | rural areas |
| PSWs provide support for families which inc: | 1)household tasks 2)respite care 3)direct assistance to child (rehab, accompanying to school etc) |
| children with mild disabilities may need long term care in special facilities t/f | f; only those children experiencing severe disability may need those services |
| adolescent with disabilities place a _______________ burden on parents that may struggle to lift and move them | physical |
| adolescent or adults with developmental disabilities may live in: | 1)community settings 2)residential setting 3)group homes 4)specially licensed long term care |
| PSW that work in specialized ________________ require special training to meet the needs of clients with developmental diabilities | training |
| a client with a developmental disability can learn new skills but do so slower t/f | t |
| a client with developmental disability may have trouble with: | 1)self care 2)communication 3)social interaction |
| an _____________ disability can be caused by any genetic abnormality, injury or disease that impairs the development of the brain | intellectual |
| common conditions leading to developmental disabilities inc: | 1)ABI 2)congenital heart disease 3)fragile X syndrome 4)hydrocephalus 5)phenylketonuria (PKU) 6)shaken baby syndrome |
| causes of intellectual disabilities inc: | 1)genetic conditions 2)problems during pregnancy 3)problems at birth 4)problems after birth |
| people with intellectual disabilities often have other _________________ | disabilities |
| intellectual disabilities range from ____________ to ____________ | mild, severe |
| IQ | intelligence quotient |
| people with an IQ score of 70-55 are considered to have _____________________ | mild intellectual disability |
| people experiencing mild intellectual disability can: | 1)attend regular school 2)function in society with support 3)live/ work in community with minimal support |
| people with an IQ of below 55 are considered to have ________________________ | moderate intellectual disability |
| people with IQ below 25 are considered to have ______________________ | severe intellectual disability |
| people experiencing moderate intellectual disability need _________ support at home and work | daily |
| people experiencing severe intellectual disability need ____________ support in all areas | constant |
| Canadian Association for Community Living | national association dedicated to serving people with intellectual disabilities and their families. goal is to ensure people have opportunities to live meaningful, dignified lives. |
| people of all ages experiencing intellectual disabilities are vulnerable to _______________. report suspicions immediately | sexual abuse |
| with good nutrition, adequate physical activity and consistent mental stimulation many people with DS can live well into their 60's t/f | t |
| people with DS may start to show signs of dementia after 35 with Alzheimers disease being diagnosed by 40 t/f | t |
| depending on which area of the brain CP has affected, one or more of these could occur: | 1)involuntary movements 2)poor coordination/ posture 3)muscle weakness 4)difficulty/ inability to walk 5)difficulty/ inability to speak |
| CP can occur before, during, shortly after _____________, with lack of oxygen being the usual cause | birth |
| spastic cerebral palsy | muscles contract or shorten and remain stiff and unable to relax. may affect one or both sides of body. most common type |
| athetoid cerebral palsy | cannot control body movements, constant involuntary slow weaving/ writhing motions that occur in trunk, legs, arms, hands, feet. tongue, face, neck may be affected resulting in drooling or grimacing |
| ataxic cerebral palsy | weak muscle tone, difficulty coordinating movements so person appears very unsteady and shaky when walking and has trouble maintaining balance |
| monoplagia | type of CP is paralysis of a single limb, usually arm |
| hemiplegia | CP affects one side of the body; r arm/ r leg, l arm/ l leg. other side unaffected, client may walk but be awkward |
| quadriplegia | CP affects all limbs. usually difficulty moving facial muscles and trunk |
| the goal of clients experiencing CP is to be as ________________________________ | independent as possible |
| PSW may help clients experiencing CP by: | 1)assisting with ROM 2)ADLs |
| epilepsy | condition characterised by recurrent seizures |
| partial seizures | affect only one part of the brain |
| generalised seizures | affect the whole brain |
| epilepsy can occur at any point in a persons life t/f | t; although usually children and young adults are affected |
| ________ or ___________ may occur to control/ prevent seizures | meds, surgery |
| there is a cure for epilepsy t/f | f; there is no cure, only control and prevention |
| clients with epilepsy are at an increased risk of: | 1)premature death 2)suicide 3)sudden unexplained death 4)accidental death (drowning) |
| PSW need to report all activity _______________, ____________, _______________ seizures | before, after, during |
| neural tube defect (NTD) | brain, spinal cord and protective coverings for these organs do not fully develop. occurs during first months of pregnancy. consuming folic acid reduces risk. ranges from mild to severe |
| spina bifida can occur only at the mid spine t/f | f; can occur anywhere. lower back is most common |
| spina bifida occulta | mildest form. spinal cord/ meningis remain in place. dimple or tuft of hair common. foot weakness/ bowel/ bladder disorders may occur |
| spina bifida cystica | two types: meningocele, myelomeningocele. part of spinal column is in pouch that protrudes from opening in spine. thick layer of skin covers sac (looks like large blister) |
| meningocele spina bifida cystica | nerves remain unaffected, so damage is not present. can be corrected by surgery |
| myelomeningocele spina bifida cystica | sac contains nerves; most common and serious type. spinal cord damaged or not fully developed. loss of function occurs below level of damage. walking with crutches/ braces possible or use of wheelchair needed. |
| people experiencing bina bifida are at risk of: | 1)obesity 2)GI disorders 3)mobility issues 4)skin break down 5)depression 6)social/ emotional/ sexual issues |
| ________________ often occurs with certain types of spina bifida | hydrocephalus |
| physical challenges related to FASD inc: | 1)low birth rate 2)weak muscle tone 3)poor weight gain 4)cardiac disorders 5)hearing loss 6) abnormalities of joint/ spine |
| _______________ is the most common preventable developmental disorder | FASD |
| people with FASD that want to have children can have typical babies | t; do not consume alcohol while pregnant to prevent FASD even if you are experiencing that disorder |
| ______________ is considered a chronic condition with no cure | ADHD |
| ASD can range from mild to severe t/f | t |
| when working with clients experiencing ASD: | 1)stick to routines 2)clients need to develop social/ work skills 3)ensure careful supervision of kids |
| there is no cure for ASD t/f | t |
Created by:
Wil.Wilson
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