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Ch 21
Caring for older adults
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| older clients have a harder time feeling ______ | pain |
| what urinary changes are found in elder adults? | frequency slows, bladder changes, less elastic, dysuria, nocturne |
| what diet shifts are needed with age? | Calcium, fiber, vitamins and more proteins |
| brusing being delayed, heart pumping less blood and increased blood flow are part of aging. t/f | f; decreased blood flow |
| atrophy | decrease in size or wasting away of tissue |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| dyspnea | difficult, laboured, painful breathing |
| geriatrics | branch of medicine that provides care for older adults |
| gerontology | study of the ageing process |
| baby boomers | people born during post world war 2 years, from 46-mid 60's |
| active ageing | older adults are increasingly contributing to society through unpaid activities and paid employment |
| older adults contribute to society as: | 1)workers 2)volunteers 3)grandparents 4)caregivers to family 5)caregivers to friends |
| older adults of the future are likely to have: | 1)higher education 2)better health 3)longer life expectancy 4)ethnoculturally diversity |
| older adults of the future will remain active into retirement by: | 1)continued employment 2)returning to school 3)caring for grandchildren 4)volunteering 5)travelling |
| adults of the future are more likely to: | 1)have no children 2)smaller/ more diverse families 3)be divorced and remarried |
| ageing/ growing old | gradual normal process during which normal changes in body structure and function occur, increasing risk for illness, injury, persistent illness or disability |
| older adults requiring 24 hr care move to a _________________ | LTC |
| treating older people as if they are boring, useless or child like is _____________ | ageism |
| by treating older clients with respect, PSWs help them maintain emotional and social health t/f | t |
| to care for older adults you must be understand the ___________, ____________ and physical changes that occur with ageing as well as each clients _____________ and _________________ | emotional, social, health status, needs |
| avoid using terms, gestures or tone of voice that could be considered __________________ | patronizing |
| some older clients find it disrespectful to be called by their ___________ by someone younger | first names |
| never use gendered terms that could be considered condescending such as __________ or __________ when speaking to older clients | girl, boy |
| avoid exchanging ___________ with a coworker when an older client is speaking | eye glances |
| never assume you can use a clients ______________ even if you hear a coworker do so | first name |
| ___________ older clients only when necessary | help |
| ___________ older clients routines and do things the way they want them _____________ | respect, done |
| its important to not ___________ older clients, allow time for_________________ | rush, rest |
| you must gain _____________ for all procedures as older clients have the _________ to make choices | consent, right |
| __________ clients should be given __________ when speaking on telephone or having visitors | all, privacy |
| older clients show the usual signs when they have an infection t/f | f; may only shift behaviour when ill; sudden confusion, dysuria, fall, change in mood/ energy levels/ eating habit. report asap |
| retirement age is usually 55 y.o t/f | f; 65 |
| retirement is often a persons first real experience of ageing t/f | t |
| observe and report any signs of depression in older clients t/f | t |
| retirement income is often the same as a persons income during their working years t/f | f; usually less than half as much |
| lack of privacy is a common concern for family caregivers of older parents that live with them t/f | t |
| males usually live longer than females t/f | f; females usually live longer than males |
| depression is an inevitable part of ageing t/f | f; it is not; but life changes can cause depression |
| many older adults freely admit to depression because they can then get help t/f | f; often goes unrecognized and not admitted to because of stigma |
| depression can increase the risk of death in older adults ____ or ______ times | 2, 3 |
| treatment for older adults experiencing depression mainly involves medications t/f | f; mainly involves therapy not meds |
| cognitive behavioural therapy | helps client learn ways to identify and correct negative ways of thinking |
| if a client is prescribed antidepressant meds they must be closely monitored t/f | t |
| interpersonal therapy | helps clients deal with stresses and challenges |
| problem solving therapy | helps the client manage difficulties through problem solving |
| reminiscence therapy | helps client revisit past good memories and feelings of self worth |
| common signs and symptoms of depression in older adults inc: 1)sadness 2)energy loss/ tiredness 3)memory problems | 4)irritability 5)neglecting self care 6)loss of interest/ socializing 7)difficulty staying/ falling asleep 8)oversleeping 9)feeling burdensome/ worthless 10)med/ alcohol increase 11)fixation on death/ suicide 12)more physical complaints |
| rate and degree of change are the same with each person who is ageing t/f | f; they vary |
| influencing factors of change inc: | 1)diet 2)general health 3)exercise 4)stress 5)environment 6)heredity |
| normal ageing does not mean loss of health t/f | t |
| in older adulthood the skin losses its _____________, __________ and ________________ so the skin thins, sags and folds, and wrinkles appear | strength, elasticity, fatty tissue layer |
| in older adults the skin _________ due to decrease in secretions from ______ and ____________ so skin becomes fragile and easily injured | dries, oil, sweat glands |
| skin break down, pressure ulcers and skin tears are some of the risks faced by older clients t/f | t |
| age spots are also referred to as _____________ | liver spots |
| brown spots are also referred to as ______________ and _____________ | liver spots, age spots |
| brown spots often appear on wrists and hands t/f | t |
| as a person ages, ________ to the skin decreases resulting in fewer/ loss of nerve endings, interfering with sense of heat, cold and pain | blood flow |
| bruising and delayed healing are not issues of older clients t/f | f; decrease in blood flow results in delayed healing and easier bruising |
| older clients are sensitive to _________ because of loss of _____________ | cold, fatty tissue layer |
| older clients nails become thin and brittle t/f | f; thick and tough |
| older clients with dry skin shouldn't be bathed daily in showers and tubs t/f | t; full bath once a week and partial the rest is recommended |
| deodorants are often not needed because a decrease in sweat gland secretions as clients age t/f | t |
| do not use hot water bottles or heating pads on clients with _____________ as their is a high risk of ____________ | cold feet, burns |
| a doctors order is necessary for applying heat or cold to older clients t/f | t; if ordered check every 15 mins. report red (heat application) or blue (cold application) area after application |
| hair loss and thinning only occur in males as they age t/f | f; occur in both sexes |
| some Indigenous people believe their hair must be collected and burned in a sacred fire or ceremony so do not throw away t/f | t |
| reminders of old age can effect a clients self esteem and body image t/f | t |
| in older clients bones lose strength, become ____________ and ____________ easily | brittle, break |
| vertebrae shorten, joints become stiff and sore and hi and knee joints flex only slightly; these changes result in a gradual gain in height, gain in strength and increased mobility t/f | f; result in decreased height, decreased strength and decreased mobility |
| older adults must be as active as possible to slow the rate of changes to their musculo skeletal system t/f | t |
| forms of physical activity for older adults inc ROM and ADL's t/f | t |
| ageing affects senses by: | 1)hearing losses 2)vision losses 3)taste dulls 4)smells dull 5)touch perception reduces (pain/ pressure/ hot/ cold) |
| ageing affects brain cells causing them to shrink as blood flow is ___________ | reduced |
| changes to brain function of normal ageing may inc: | 1)response time decreases 2)energy levels decrease 3)memory decreases 4)dizziness 5)difficulty falling asleep 6)waking often thru night |
| the heart strengthens with age so blood is pumped through the body with more force t/f | f; heart weakens with age decreasing blood pumping force |
| arteries __________ and become less___________ with age | narrow, elastic |
| clients with severe circulatory problems need rest periods throughout the day; should not engage in activities that cause overexertion. be sure to keep items of need close at hand t/f | t |
| moderate daily exercise stimulates: | 1)circulation 2)respiration 3)digestion 4)musculo skeletal function |
| moderate daily exercise helps prevent ________________ | blood clots |
| ____________________ muscles weaken with age and __________ tissue becomes less elastic | respiratory, lung |
| ___________ may not be felt at rest but may occur with activity as a result of ageing | dyspnea |
| to promote normal breathing in older clients: | 1)avoid heavy bed linens 2)encourage repositioning/ turning 3)rest in semi fowlers 4)encourage activity |
| older clients may lack the strength to cough and clear their airways of secretions putting them at greater risk of digestive issues t/f | f; putting them at greater risk of respiratory infections and other life threatening diseases |
| changes in digestion with ageing inc: | 1)less saliva production = dysphagia 2)decrease in digestive juices secretion= hard time digesting fatty/ greasy food 3)decrease peristalsis= stomach/ colon empty at slower rate= gas/ constipation/ flatulence |
| __________function declines with age; reduced blood flow, and atrophy | kidney |
| waste removal is less efficient and urine more concentrated with age because the pancreas function declines t/f | f; because kidney function declines |
| very little urine is able to be held in the bladder because it becomes less elastic and the muscles weaken t/f | t |
| urine frequency and urgency increase with _______________ function declining | bladder |
| nocturia | need to pee multiple times through the night |
| urine incontinence | inability to control passing urine |
| incontinence is a normal part of ageing t/f | f; it is not |
| the thyroid gland increases in older males, putting pressure on the urethra resulting in difficulty urinating and frequent urination t/f | f; prostate gland |
| ____________________ infection is common in older clients especially females | urinary tract |
| most fluids should be ingested before 1700 to prevent nocturia t/f | t |
| decrease in ______________ in older males affects strength, sperm production and reproductive tissue | testosterone |
| affected sexual activity in males may inc: | 1)longer to get erection 2)longer to orgasm 3)orgasm weaker 4)time between orgasm longer 5)may need direct penis stimulation to achieve erection |
| decreased frequency of sexual activity in older males may be the result of the impact of physical changes t/f | t |
| if a client with a penis becomes erect during perineal care contact your supervisor immediately t/f | f; this a natural response to stimulation, cover erection with towel without bringing attention to it, continue bathing another body part until erection has passed and continue with perineal care |
| mental/ physical fatigue, overeating and excessive drinking can also effect ability to achieve an _____________ | erection |
| the _____________, __________ and the external ____________ all begin to atrophy | vagina, uterus, genitalia |
| intercourse may become painful in older females due to _________ vaginal walls and dryness | vaginal |
| changes to sexual excitement in older females inc: | 1)arousal takes longer 2)time between arousal and orgasm takes longer 3)orgasm less intense 4)pr excitement state returns more quickly |
| sexual activity between intimate partners because: | 1)weakness 2)mental/ physical fatigue 3)pain 4)persistent illness 5)reduced mobility |
| older clients have less of a need for love, affection and intimacy t/f | f; those are needs consistent throughout life |
| sexuality is part of the ____________ person | whole |
| some older people are not able to have sexual intercourse and this means they have lose their sexual needs and desires t/f | f; inability to have sexual intercourse is not related to want to have sexual intercourse |
| appearance is often an important part of sexual identity and expression so respect your clients clothing and grooming routines t/f | t |
| its important to accept your clients sexual relationships even if they differ from your values and beliefs t/f | t |
| if a client is having an extramarital affair its important to contact your supervisor immediately t/f | f; your clients sexual relationships are not to be judged or gossiped about. its important to provide DIPPS |
| allow clients privacy to promote and respect their _______________ | sexuality |
| its important to provide your older client privacy for ___________________ | masturbation |
Created by:
Wil.Wilson
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