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CH 26
Exercise and Activity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abduction | movement of a body part away from midline of body |
| adduction | movement of a body part towards midline of the body |
| contracture | lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle |
| deconditioning | loss of muscle size, strength, function that results from immobility/ inactivity |
| dorsiflexion | bending the toes/ good upwards at the ankle |
| extension | straightening of a body part |
| hyperextension | excessive straightening of a body part |
| flexion | bending body part |
| permanent plantar flexion | foot drop; foot falls down at ankle |
| internal rotation | turning joint inwards |
| plantar flexion | foot is bent with the toes pointed away from leg |
| pronation | turning downward |
| rotation | turning of the joint |
| supination | turning upward |
| syncope | brief loss of consciousness |
| being active is important for ____________ and ____________ wellbeing | physical, mental |
| deconditioning only happens to older adults. t/f | f; can happen at any age but elderly it happens more rapidly |
| bedrest can be ordered by a dr to treat what? | a health condition |
| dr ordered bed rest helps with what 5 things along side a treatment of a health condition? | 1)reduce physical activity 2)reduce pain 3)encourage rest 4)regain strength 5)promote healing |
| strict bed rest | client must remain in bed at ALL times and will be assisted with ADL's as needed |
| bed rest with commode privileges | some ADL's allowed eg. self feeding, oral hygiene, bathing, shaving, hair care. bedside commode used for elimination; check CP if client needs assistance |
| bed rest with bathroom privilege's (BR w BPR) | client can use bathroom for elim needs |
| contractures and muscle atrophy occurs in the ______________ system | musculo-skeletal |
| contractures form in as little as _________ to __________ hrs if muscles and joints have not been exercised | 48-72 |
| ___________ muscles becomes fixed into position, deformed and unable to stretch | contractures |
| 7 common sites of contractures are ? | fingers, wrists, elbows, toes, ankles, knees, hips |
| atrophy | decrease in size or wasting away of muscle |
| ______________ and _____________ can occur from lack of mobility | orthostatic hypotension, thrombosis |
| orthostatic hypotension/ postural hypotension | drop in BP when client stands up |
| reposition clients at least every _____ hrs to prevent complications due to rest | 2 |
| bed boards | placed under mattress to prevent mattress from sagging |
| footboards | placed at the foot of mattress to prevent planter flexion which can lead to foot drop |
| trochanter rolls | prevents hips and legs from turning outward |
| handrolls/ grips | prevent contractures of the thumb,, fingers, wrists |
| splints | keep wrist, thumb, fingers in normal position. usually secured with velcro |
| bed cradles | keep weight of top linens off feet |
| wt of top linens can cause ______ and ____________ | foot drop, pressure ulcers |
| trapeze | suspended from overbed frame, client grasps the bar with both hands to lift the truck off the bed |
| active ROM | exercises are done by the client independently |
| passive ROM | ROM involve staff member moving joints of client through. client does not participate |
| active-passive ROM | exercises involve clients participation as much as possible with support worker assisting when client cant perform |
| ROM exercises occur naturally during ADL's t/f | t |
| record what 5 things after assisting with ROM? | 1)time occurs 2)what joint exercises 3)number of time they were performed on ea joint 4)c/o of pain/ stiffness/ spasms 5)degree to which client took part |
| the neck is always included in ROM exercises because it helps with stiffness t/f | f; only when CP states it is |
| after bed rest what are the slowly increased steps to increasing ambulation? | 1)client dangles legs over side of bed 2) sit in a bedside chair 3)walking around room 4)walking down hallway |
| usually when a client has a weak side the support worker protects the strong side to observe ability t/f | f; protects weak side |
| when helping a client ambulate walk a little ahead in case the client falls t/f | f; walk slightly behind |
| report what three things after ambulating a client? | 1)how well client tolerated 2)c/o of pain/ discomfort 3)distance walked |
| people experiencing obesity should be encouraged to lose weight because they can develop_____________ | osteoarthritis |
| if a client falls, _________ try to catch them, instead help ease them to the _____________ | do not, floor |
| remain calm, reassure the client, do not allow them to move and call the nurse, then later fill out incident report are the steps to take after a client falls in a facility t/f | t |
| crutches are used when the client can not use __________ or when one or both ________ need to gain strength | one leg, legs |
| always check the _________ of crutches and dry if wet | tips |
| ensure clients are wearing loose clothing when using crutches as they are more comfy t/f | f; loose fitting clothing may get caught between crutches and underarms, ensure clients clothing fits well |
| canes are used to support the ___________ side of body and to provide ____________ | weak, balance |
| a cane is held on ___________ side of body | strong/ unaffected |
| four point canes give __________ support than single tip canes but harder to _____________ | more, move |
| cane tip should be placed about ____ to _____ cm or _____ to_____ inches to side of foot on strong side | 15-25, 6-10 |
| cane tip should be placed ____ to_____ cm or _____ to ______ inches in front of foot on strong side | 15-25, 6-10 |
| the _______ leg is moved forward even with the cane | weak (opposite the cane) |
| the _________ leg is brought forward and ahead of the cane and the weak leg | strong |
| standard walker is picked up and moved about ______ to ______ cm or ____ to ______ inches in front of client | 15-20, 6-8 |
| when using a walker the client moves strong leg then the weak leg up to walker t/f | f; weak leg first then strong leg |
| the client pushes a walker with front wheels ____ to ______ cm or _____ to______ inches and then walks up to it | 15-20, 6-8 |
| brace | an apparatus (metal, plastic, leather) worn to support/ align weak body parts or prevent or correct problems with MSK system |
| an ____________ (AFO) is positioned in the shoe then the foot is inserted and the device is secured in place with velcro straps | ankle-foot orthosis |
| __________ and _________ under the braces should be kept clean and dry to prevent skin break down | skin, boney points |
| nurses assesses skin under braces during every shift t/f | t |
| moving a joint to the extent possible without causing pain is the __________________ | range of motion (ROM) |
| after performing ROM exercises with clients, report and record c/o _____or signs of _____________ or spasm | pain, stiffness |
| hand :opposition | touch each fingertip with thumb |
| hand :ulnar flexion | turn hand toward the thumb |
| hand: radial flexion | turn hand toward little finger |
| head: rotation | turn head from side to side |
| head: lateral flexion | move the head to the right and to the left |
| shoulder: flexion | raise the arm straight in front and over head |
| shoulder: extension | bring arm down to the side |
| shoulder: hyperextension | move arm behind the body |
| shoulder: abduction | move straight arm away from side of body |
| shoulder: adduction | move straight arm toward side of body |
| shoulder: internal rotation | bend the arm at the elbow. place it at the same level as the shoulder. move the forearm down toward the body |
| shoulder: external rotation | move forearm toward the head |
| elbow: flexion | bend arm so the hand touches the same side shoulder |
| elbow: extension | straighten arm |
| forearm: pronation | turn hand so that the palm is down |
| forearm: supination | turn the hand so that the palm is up |
| hand: flexion | bend the hand down |
| hand: hyperextension | straighten the hand |
| thumb: abduction | move the thumb out from inner part of the index finger |
| thumb: adduction | move the thumb back next to the index finger |
| thumb: flexion | bend the thumb into the hand |
| thumb: extension | move the thumb out to the side of the fingers |
| fingers: abduction | spread the fingers and thumb apart |
| fingers: adduction | bring fingers and thumb together |
| fingers: extension | straighten the fingers so that the fingers, hand, arm straight |
| fingers: flexion | make a fist |
| hip: flexion | raise the leg |
| hip: extension | straighten leg |
| hip: adduction | move the leg toward the other leg |
| hip: abduction | move leg away from other leg |
| hip: internal rotation | turn leg inward |
| hip: external rotation | turn leg outward |
| knee: flexion | bend leg |
| knee: extension | straighten leg |
| ankle: dorsiflexion | pull foot forward, push down on heel at same time |
| ankle: plantar flexion | turn foot down, or point the toes |
| foot: pronation | turn the outside |
| foot: supination | turn inside of foot up and outside down |
| toes: flexion | curl toes |
| toes: extension | straighten toes |
| toes: abduction | spread toes |
| toes: adduction | bring toes together |
Created by:
Wil.Wilson
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