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CH 36
Disorientation, Delirium, and Dementia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define cognitive impairment | loss of ability to remember, think, reason, understand, live independently |
| what is another word for disorientation | confusion |
| low blood sugar is a cause of confusion. t/f | t |
| is disorientation reversible in some cases? t/f | t |
| delirium is a state of persistent mental confusion t/f | f; state of temporary mental confusion |
| delirium is an __________ | emergency. |
| onset of delirium is __________ | rapid |
| delirium is common in older adults with acute and chronic illnesses t/f | t |
| delirium is treated by a ____________ | doctor |
| delirium never co exists with dementia. t/f | f; often does co exist in C with dementia |
| define dementia | general term that describes progressive loss of cognitive and social functions |
| dementia is a normal part of aging t/f | f; it is not a natural part of aging |
| dementia normally happens after what age? | 65 |
| a neurocognitive disorder is a disorder associated with __________ based on extent of clients decline in different cognitive functions | dementia |
| personality does not change with dementia t/f | f; often changes |
| dementia can be delayed with_________________________ | meds if type of dementia and situation is right |
| treatable forms of dementia inc | metabolic problems(hypothyroid) , brain tumor/ injury, alcohol, nutrition deficits, infections, poisoning |
| lack of B1,B3,B12 in C can lead to irreversible dementia t/f | f; it can be reversed with treatment |
| Alzheimer's disease is a _________ of dementia | type/ form |
| Alzheimer's is one of the least known forms of dementia. t/f | f; most common form |
| it has been found that __________ and __________ are cause of Alzheimer's | tangles, plague |
| multi infarct dementia is caused by___________ | stroke/ many strokes |
| vascular dementia is also called__________ | multi infarct dementia |
| dementia with Lew bodies is one of the most common types of ______ dementia | progressive |
| similarities between Alzheimer's, Lewy's and __________ make it hard to diagnose | Parkinson's |
| Parkinson's is a _________ dementia | secondary |
| Parkinson's is an acute disease that affects brains ability to control movements, tremors, difficulty walking, memory loss. t/f | f; it is an progressive illness |
| creutzfeld jakob disease is also known as __________ | mad cow disease |
| creutzfeld jakob disease is a rapid progressive neurological disease/f | t |
| fatality rate of creutzfeld jakob disease is ______ year(s) | 1 |
| the mild stage of dementia is also called______ | early stage |
| in the early stage of dementia clients are placed in LTC facilities t/f | f; many continue to live alone with help |
| stage 2 of dementia is called________ | moderate; middle stage |
| in the middle stage of dementia memory improves for short periods t/f | f; memory continues to deteriorate |
| stage three of dementia is also called death stage t/f | f; severe; late stage |
| respite care is not set up for C with dementia t/f | f; respite care can be very important resource for families |
| in the severe stage of dementia care is only provided part time t/ f | f; 24/7 care is needed |
| client is incapable of ________, ________, and ___________ in late stage dementia | remembering, communicating, carrying out self care |
| moderate stage dementia C are often bed ridden t/f | f; severe stage often includes bed ridden C |
| what are the 4 reasons for admitting a C into facility with dementia | needs can not be met elsewhere, health care issues in care giver, behavior presents dangers to self and others, client does not recognize care giver |
| the 4 reasons for admitting a C into a facility are done in the _______ stage | second |
| dysphasia happens in the __________ stage of dementia | severe |
| dementia does not vary for client to client t/f | f; varies wildly |
| provide ___________ utensils to clients with dementia | unbreakable |
| _________ up food into smaller bite size pieces for C | cut |
| increase dementia clients caffeine because it aids with wakefulness and sun downing. t/f | f; reduce to reduce agitation and restlessness at night |
| explain all procedures calmly and slowly throughout procedure to dementia clients t/f | t |
| do not lock meds or care products away from dementia clients because they don't care about them t/f | f; they can get into them and harm themselves |
| most dementia clients ______ as a result of secondary infection/ condition | die |
| dementia clients always use the bathroom or urinal t/f | f; confusion makes them use inappropriate places, steer gently in correct way to toilet |
| dementia clients never need help at mealtime t/f | f; some need to be fed, some need their attention focused and to stop wandering |
| exercise and activities are important to dementia clients t/f | t |
| dementia clients are at _______ of dehydration because they _______ feel thirst | risk, can not |
| following bed time______ help dementia clients sleep better | rituals |
| encourage naps throughout day to dementia clients t/f | f; discourage them to aid sleep at night |
| ________ aid with preventing night time injuries | night lights |
| always approach dementia clients from the ________ | front |
| never tell dementia clients your name because it confuses them t/f | f; every time you come in contact tell your name |
| people with dementia should avoid socializing because its tiring and upsets them t/f | f; socializing can help with symptoms and promotes emotional health |
| __________ behaviors usually originate as a response to illness/ infection, physical discomfort | challenging |
| responsive behaviors is another term for ___________ | challenging behaviors |
| sundowning happens close to dawn t/ f | f; happens close to bedtime or when sun goes down |
| dementia makes it easier to understand the meaning behind certain actions t/f | f; makes it harder |
| clients with dementia may no longer be able to sort out a vast number of _____________________ | messages received |
| clients with dementia no longer send out the ____________ to other parts of the brain | correct messages |
| what is validation therapy? | type of therapy for people with dementia that focuses on empathy and advocates accepting the affected persons perception of reality |
| gentle ______ approaches is a program designed to train health care workers in techniques to handle or reduce responsive behaviours | persuasive |
| allowing a client to wander is safe because clients need exercise t/f | f; wandering is a potentially dangerous behavior and needs to be managed with medicalert bracelet or alarms no doors |
| dementia clients are not orientated to _____, ______ and ______ | person, time and place |
| delusions is a term for high fever t/f | f; it is having a false belief |
| dementia clients can present ___________ sexual behaviors | abnormal |
| repetitive behaviors should be stopped immediately t/f | f; if they are not harmful they are safe |
| ____________ responses are also called extreme responses to what the client perceives as extreme danger, disaster or tragedy | catastrophic |
| define hoarding | collecting things and putting them away in a guarded manner |
| hallucinations is ____, ______, _______, something that isn't real | seeing, hearing, feeling |
| if a dementia client is having a hallucination do not _________ with them | argue |
| ADRD stands for_________________ | Alzheimer's disease and related dementias |
| dementia is a singular disease t/f | f; a group of illnesses |
| dementia is categorized as ________ or _______ neuro cognitive disease | mild, major; depends on symptoms |
| secondary dementia occurs as a result of ____________, __________, or ___________ | physical disease, injury, damaging substance |
| pseudo dementia occurs in severely depressed clients t/f | t; cognitive changes mimic dementia |
| wernicke korsakoff syndrome is caused by lack of vitamin C t/f | f; lack of thiamine (B1) |
| secured units are used for clients that are bedridden t/f | f; used with clients who wander and are at risk of injury |
| secured units are considered a ____________ restraint | environmental |
| when clients with dementia are bedridden they can be moved off the locked floor t/f | t |
| sundowning can result because of hunger, need to eliminate, shadow in the dark t/f | t |
| by completing tasks early you can help prevent _________ | sundowning |
| if a client is sundowning it is is ok to physically restrain them in bed for their own safety t/f | f; never use physically restraint without dr orders |
| clients with dementia can confuse reflections in _________ , so may be appropriate to remove or cover them | mirrors |
| Clients with dementia love loud, hard rock music to distract them t/f | f; play calm, quiet music |
| too much stimulation can cause__________ | catastrophic reactions |
| agitation and restlessness can cause__________ and _________ | aggression and combativeness |
| screaming can be a substitute for _____________ | communication |
| hearing and vison problems, pain and discomfort, fear and fatigue can be reasons for ____________ | screaming |
| a signal for UTI, discomfort or infection can result in ___________ | touching themselves inappropriately to signal |
| find out for the family why a client is ___________ to better understand why the items are being ____________ away | hoarding, hidden |
| being a primary caregiver to a family member with dementia is easy and most love it with little stress felt t/f | f; the sandwich generation can be overwhelmed and should ask for help. effects all aspects of health and finances |
| primary caregivers don't need to know if you are capable to relax t/f | f; building trust in your skill allows them to relax and not be so controlling |
| adult children are in the ____________ generation | sandwich |
| families often feel ________ when caring for a family member with dementia | hopeless |
| disorientation is normally permeant t/f | f |
| give clear and simple answers to question when caring for _________ person | disorientated |
| promote safety rule with Alzheimer's clients by explaining them to them t/f | f; just adds confusion |
| a dementia clients behaviors should be personalized so you can improve care and know what's your fault t/f | f; they can not help what they do. never personalize |
| most common mental health problem in older adults' is_______________ | depression |
| clients with dementia don't know why they fell down and should be restrained to the ground until help comes t/f | f; allow them to move freely but monitor until help comes |
| dementia clients should be allowed privacy to smoke to follow DIPPS t/f | f; they must be monitored |
| primary dementia does not result from _________________________ | any other diseases |
| what 6 cognitive functions can be affected in the brain ? | memory, thinking, reasoning, ability to understand, judgement, behavior |
| delirium is a condition of ___________ disorientation and rapid changes to _________________ | severe, brain function |
| dementias that are irreversible are identified as _________ or_________ | primary, secondary |
| Parkinson's, Creutzfeldt jakob disease and wernicke korsakoff syndrome are all _______________ dementias | secondary |
| substance induced persisting dementia is a primary dementia t/f | f; it is a secondary |
| ADRD, _________ dementia, dementia with ______ bodies and ______ temporal degenerative dementia are all primary dementias | vascular, Lewy's, fronto- |
| other causes of secondary dementia include AIDS, Huntington's, MS, and scabies t/f | f scabies does not cause dementia, syphilis can |
| disorientation is a generic descriptive term and __________ to the clients disturbed orientation to _______, _______ and __________ | refers only, people, places, time |
| disorientation can only occur suddenly t/f | f; it can ccur suddenly and gradually |
| disorientation is _______ or _________ depending on its causes | reversible, not reversible |
| disorientation that is permanent is caused by changes to brain structure is called ____________ | non reversible dementia |
| reversible disorientation can happen in what settings? | hospitalization or unfamiliar settings |
| electrolyte imbalance or lack of sleep are common causes for reversible disorientation t/f | true |
| disorientation that comes on suddenly without warning is called____________ | delirium |
| some disorientation types can be prevented with good health practices and lifestyle choices t/f | t |
| food poisoning can cause delirium t/f | t |
| the death of a loved one or move to a facility can cause _________ | delirium |
| delirium is often the _______ and _________ sign of physical disorder in older adults and people with dementia | first, only |
| symptoms of delirium are never permanent and are rarely lead to death t/f | f; in many cases symptoms can become permanent and progressive and cause death |
| delirium involves the slow shift through mental states t/f | f; involves a rapid alternation between mental states |
| apathy and _________ could be part of delirium symptoms | euphoria |
| in many cases a clients disorientation due to infection is mistaken for an ________________________ | irreversible type of dementia |
| it is the loss of "_______________________" which occurs long before cells die that is responsible for the symptoms of _________________ | connectivity, Alzheimer's |
| on average people live with ADRD for ____ to ______ years | 8 to 12 |
| progression of ADRD can last 20-50 years t/f | f; 3-20 |
| transient ischemic attacks are also referred to as "_____________" | silent strokes |
| vascular dementia caused by a bigger stroke leads to a slow progression of symptoms t/f | f; a bigger stroke can cause profound symptoms immediately |
| what are the three additional defining features of dementia with Lewy's bodies? | 1) severe fluctuations in attention/ alertness 2) recurrent visual hallucinations 3) Parkinson's like motor symptoms |
| lewys bodies are accumulated bits of _________________ in the nuclei of neurons | proteins |
| is it _________ to diagnose DLB because of the similarities with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's | difficult |
| fronto temporal degenerative dementia affects more men than women t/f | f; affects women more |
| FTD displays different initial symptoms than ADRD in the beginning t/f | t; because it effects the frontal lobe emotions and social functions are affected first |
| clients with picks disease, a type of FTD, may have a compulsion to put objects in their _______________ | mouth |
| mixed dementia has characterizations of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia t/f | true |
| sometimes ADRD symptoms can be mistaken for depression even though the client is not depressed t/f | true |
| it is estimated that no more than 60% of patients with ADRD suffer from major depression also t/f | f; up to 40% |
| its important to remember no behaviors have meaning because people with dementia don't know what they are doing t/f | f; all behaviors have meaning and can help you to provide care. try to identify the cause of behavior to better care to clients |
| its important to ask open ended questions to clients with dementia so you can gain insight into their preferences t/f | f; asking closed questions with simple answers is easier for clients with dementia to answer |
| proteinaceous prions are the cause of ____________________ and live in the brain for years before signs of the disease develop | CJD |
| FTD differs from ADRD in that the first symptoms are mood changes leading to lack of inhibition's, euphoria, deterioration of social skills t/f | t |
| because of the type of __________ damage in ________ disease, dementia is only noticed when behaviors become more bizarre | brain, Picks |
| abnormal behaviors in those that suffer from Picks disease include _____________ and increased ____________ intake | gluttony, alcohol |
| the most distinguishing symptom of WKS is delirium t/f | f; it is confabulation (making up detailed believable stories and experiences/ situations to cover the gaps in memory) |
| _______________ dementias are explained in stages | most |
| symptoms and behaviors of clients with dementia vary because it depends on what area of the _____________________ is affected | brain |
| from the very start dementias present the same and progress similarly t/f | f; different dementias present quite differently but tend to become similar as they progress |
| the order in which the symptoms appear as well as the length of _____________ will vary from client to client | each stage |
| the three stages of dementia are called mild, moderate and ___________ | severe |
| it is not your responsibility to follow the care plan for people with dementia because your supervisor takes care of it. t/f | f; it is your responsibility to always follow the care plan |
| in first stage of dementia you don't have to watch the client at all times because they are not that impaired yet t/f | f; it is your responsibility to supervise the client at all times and provide a safe environment |
| in the mild stage of dementia clients may need help to ______ a task but then can continue on their own with support and encouragement | start |
| clients with dementia will start to forget their personal history and no longer recognize friends and family in what stage? | second; moderate; middle |
| offer to assist with elimination needs frequently and sporadically throughout the day only to prevent clients eliminating in inappropriate places t/f | f; offer to help frequently at REGULAR times throughout day AND night |
| clients with mild stage dementia can voice their preferences and those with moderate stage can be asked to make simple choices to still participate in their own preferences t/f | t |
| if a client doesn't remember why an item is important to them anymore, you can remove it to keep rooms free of clutter for safety t/f | f; regardless of memory loss, items that were important or had special meaning are still to be valued and must stay with the client |
| in final stages on dementia understanding a clients emotional stage can help you determine wishes, preferences, fears, likes and dislikes t/f | true |
Created by:
Wil.Wilson
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