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China week 5
AP World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some of the most distinct characteristics that mark China's development of the government. | Governments develop and maintain power with competent leaders, strong military, cooperative neighbors, thriving economy, and cultural unity. |
| What is the Mandate of Heaven? | The mandate of heaven was not a personal power but the way the universe worked |
| Mandate of Heaven says what about a wise emperor? | If an emperor/dynasty governed wisely he/they would remain in power. This was indicated by a strong economy and protecting against invasion |
| When did the Mandate of Heaven call for a change in a ruler? | When the weather or China’s enemies prevailed, then the mandate of heaven changed, and a new ruler was called for. This process is referred to as the dynastic cycle (the rise and fall of dynasties). |
| What type of power did a Chinese emperor have? | The Chinese emperor had almost unlimited power but could be restrained by filial piety and the mandate of heaven (dynastic cycle). Some didn’t care about governing. |
| What was a Chinese emperor's power restrained by? | could be restrained by filial piety and the mandate of heaven (dynastic cycle). Some didn’t care about governing. |
| By what dynasty did most of the bureaucrats earn their positions by taking an exam? What exam? | By the time of the Song dynasty 900s-1200s, the majority of bureaucrats had passed the Confucian exams, but some still obtained their positions due to inheritance or nepotism. |
| Who did influence the government of an emperor? | Brothers who did not become emperors and others in the family tree (related royalty) could influence the government. |
| What could wives and mothers of emperors do? | Women, either wives or mothers of emperors, could also exercise some influence on the emperor. |
| Which dynasty emphasized the military? | The military was emphasized more during the Tang dynasty. |
| What dynasty chose to pay tributes and have a weaker army? | The Song however chose to pay tribute to potential foes and not have as strong of an army. |
| What did Eunuchs do in an emperor's service? | Eunuchs (castrated males) not only supervised the harem but acted as court administrators. They also could influence policy. |
| How were provincial and district officials selected? | Provincial and district officials were appointed and of course played a role in governing China. |
| What territories did the Song dynasty lose to the Jin/Jurchen? Around when did this happen? | The Song lost its northern territories about 1100 when the Jin/Jurchen invaded. |
| Who conquered the Song dynasty in 1279? | The Mongols conquered the Song in 1279. |
| When did Confucius live? | Confucius lived about 500 BC |
| Why was Confucius important? | He taught family and government roles/order. His work, the Analects, was collated with other religious documents. Exams based on Confucian teaching to obtain government positions began in the Han dynasty. |
| Filial piety involved _______ pairs of relationships. Describe the types of relationships. | Filial piety involved the five pairs of relationships where one person was responsible for taking care of the other; the second person was obligated to show respect for the first person. |
| Confucian traditions expected WHAT when it came to women? | Confucian traditions of both respect for and expected deference from women existed alongside female foot binding. The system was definitely patriarchal but often there was some mitigation. |
| What did the influence of Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism do in East Asia? | Influence of Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism in East Asia: restored more traditional Confucian ideas but acknowledged the existence of Daoism and Buddhism. |
| What part of Asia was impacted by Neo-Confucianism and Buddism? | East Asia |
| What is Sinification? | Chinese literary and scholarly traditions spread to Heian Japan, Vietnam, and Korea. This was called Sinification and happened mostly before the 1200s. |
| When did Chinese literary and scholarly traditions spread? Where did they spread to? | Chinese literary and scholarly traditions spread to Heian Japan, Vietnam, and Korea. |
| When did Sinification happen? | before the 1200s |
| What was the ORIGINAL form of Buddhism? | Theravada Buddhism is the original form that began in S Asia. It is stricter and found more in S and SE Asia. |
| Where is Theravada Buddhism mostly found? | It is stricter and found more in S and SE Asia. |
| What is Mahayana Buddhism and where was it found more? | Mahayana Buddhism is a larger entity. There are more opportunities for the average person and is found more in E Asia. |
| What is another name for Mahayana Buddhism? | This would be called Zen with a focus on meditation. |
| What is the average person's form of Buddhism? | Mahayana Buddhism |
| How did Mahayana Buddhism see Buddha? | This group viewed the Buddha as a savior; enlightened ones assisted others. It taught the 4 noble truths, the 8 fold path, reincarnation, the practice of monks, worship in temples, and has similar texts. |
| What was the job of 'enlightened ones' in Mahayana Buddhism? | enlightened ones assisted others. |
| What does Mahayana Buddhism teach? | It taught the 4 noble truths, the 8 fold path, reincarnation, the practice of monks, worship in temples, and has similar texts. |
| What is Pure Land Buddhism? | Pure Land Buddhism believes in a future life in heaven somewhat like western religions. |
| What form of Buddhism believes in a future life in heaven? | Pure Land Buddhism |
| Whose leader is the Dalai Lama? | Tibetan Buddhism is quite different and is the smallest percentage. Its leader is the Dalai Lama. |
| Which type of Buddhism makes up the smallest percentage of Buddists? | Tibetan Buddhism is quite different and is the smallest percentage. Its leader is the Dalai Lama. |
| What did China's theoretical hierarchy consist of? | China’s theoretical hierarchy consisted of scholars at the top, then predominantly farmers (commended by Confucianism), then artisans, then merchants, and then mean people. |
| Did slaves exist in Chinese culture? | Yes, but there were not many slaves. |
| Were merchants accepted in Chinese culture? Why or why not? | China’s desire for commerce meant that, in practice, merchants were more accepted. |
| What are the 7 P's? | China should be credited for creating the 7 “p’s”: poetry, painting, porcelain, printing, paper money, compass, gunpowder (the last two don’t begin with “p” but the 2nd syllable does). |
| What was the state of the cities that were located along the Grand Canal? | Cities along Grand Canal were thriving due to the emphasis on internal development. |
| What increased harvests greatly? | Champa rice from Vietnam greatly increased harvests. |
| Where did the Champa rice come from originally? | Vietnam |
| What innovation helped to connect the north and south in China? | Transportation innovations, like the Grand Canal expansion, aided economic growth, connecting north and south. |
| What did steel and iron production do? | “Iron and steel of this period were used to mass-produce ploughs, hammers, needles, pins, nails for ships, musical cymbals, chains for suspension bridges, Buddhist statues, and other routine items for an indigenous mass market.” |
| What is "China" another word for? | Textiles and porcelains (note china is another word for high quality porcelain) were created for export. |
| What exports did China become well known for? | Textiles and porcelains (note china is another word for high quality porcelain) were created for export. |
| What did China import? | China imported horses and spices. |
| Where did China do their trading? | China traded along the Silk Road and across the Indian Ocean. |
Created by:
Saenz2004
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