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LOM CH. 16
The Skin
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| integumentary system | the skin and its accessory structures such as hair, glands and nails |
| sebaceous glands | oil glands in the skin, they secrete sebum(oily secretion), located in the dermis |
| sweat glands | The glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin. |
| Epidermis | outermost layer of skin, contains keratin the cells here are squamous cells arranged in layers(strata) to form Stratified squamous epithelium |
| dermis | located just below the epidermis is a dense fibrous layer of connective tissue, it is composed of elastin and collagen |
| Elastin | Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness. |
| Striae | atrophic pink, purple, or white linear streaks on the breasts, associated with pregnancy, excessive weight gain, or rapid growth during adolescence a.k.a. stretch marks |
| subcutaneous layer | innermost layer of the skin, it specializes in the formation of fat |
| basal layer | deepest region of the epidermis; it gives rise to all the epidermal cells |
| stratum corneum | outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells |
| Keratin | hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails |
| Melanocytes | cells that produce melanin they give color to the skin the more melanin within each cell accounts for different skin colors |
| albinos | individuals who are incapable of forming melanin |
| hair follicle | sac within which each hair grows |
| Nails function | Protect and support tips of fingers and toes they are composed of hard keratin plates |
| Lunula of nail | the half moon shaped, white area at the base of the nail |
| Cuticle | Band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate |
| Onycholysis | separation of the nail plate from the nail bed it may occur with infection of the nail and is often seen in people who suffer from psoriasis |
| eccrine sweat glands | most numerous sweat-producing exocrine gland in the skin |
| pore | tiny opening on the surface of the skin |
| apocrine sweat glands | active from puberty on, concentrated near reproductive organs and armpits (the mammary apocrine gland produces milk after childbirth) |
| adip/o | fat |
| albin/o | white |
| caus/o | burn, burning |
| cauter/o | heat, burn |
| cutane/o | skin |
| derm/o, dermat/o | skin |
| diaphor/o | profuse sweating |
| erythem/o, erythemat/o | redness |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| ichthy/o | dry, scaly |
| kerat/o | hard |
| leuk/o | white |
| lip/o | fat |
| melan/o | black |
| myc/o | fungus |
| onych/o | nail |
| phyt/o | plant |
| pil/o | hair, hair follicle |
| py/o | pus |
| rhytid/o | wrinkle |
| seb/o | sebum |
| squam/o | scale-like |
| steat/o | fat |
| trich/o | hair |
| ungu/o | nail |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| xer/o | dry |
| Crust | collection of dried serum and cellular debris |
| cyst | sac containing fluid |
| Erosion | wearing away or loss of epidermis |
| fissure | groove or crack-like sore |
| macule | flat, pigmented lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter |
| nodule | solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter |
| papule | small, solid elevation of the skin (less than 1 cm in diameter) |
| polyp | growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane |
| pustule | papule containing pus |
| ulcer | open sore or lesion in the skin or mucous membrane (deeper than erosion) |
| Vesicle | small collection of clear fluid; blister |
| wheal | smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin |
| alopecia | absence of hair from areas where it normally grows |
| Ecchymosis | bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin |
| petechia | small, pinpoint hemorrhage |
| pruritus | itching associated with dermatitis |
| acne | chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum |
| first degree burn | Superficial burns through only the epidermis. no blisters |
| second degree burn | a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis; characterized by erythema, hyperesthesia, and vesications (blisters) |
| third degree burn | A full-thickness burns that involve the epidermis, dermis, and varying levels of the subcutaneous and underlying structures. leaves charred white tissue |
| Cellulitis | diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling seen many times with chemotherapy as a result of damage to the lymph system |
| eczema (atopic dermatitis) | inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papalosquamous lesions usually accompanied with pruritus(itching) |
| exanthematous viral disease | rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection some examples are rubella(german measles), rubeola(measles), and varicella(chicken pox), and hand-foot-mouth disease |
| gangrene | death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply common with frostbite and diabetes |
| Impetigo | bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions caused by staph or strep bacterial strains |
| Psoriasis | chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales it is not infectious or contagious, autoinflammatory, can be heredity, treatment is palliative |
| Scabies | contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus often seen in the groin, nipples and skin between the fingers |
| scleroderma | an autoimmune disease where fibrous scar like tissue forms in the skin, heart, lungs, kidney and esophagus some changes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), common butterfy rash |
| tinea | infection of the skin caused by a fungus many types, tinea corporis or ringworm, tinea pedis or athlete's foot treated with antifungal, highly contagios with puritus |
| Uticaria(hives) | acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin |
| vitiligo | localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches, a form of leukoderma |
| callus | increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction |
| keloid | excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision |
| keratosis | thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage |
| Leukoplakia | white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma) |
| nevus, nevi | pigmented lesion of the skin, benign |
| verruca | epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus Verruca vulagaris(common wart) |
| basal cell carcinoma | malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the it is the most common skin cancer |
| squamous cell carcinoma | malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermisit can grow other places than the skin, wherever squamous epithelium is found(mouth, larynx, bladder, esophagus, lungs) sun damage can be a precursor |
| malignant melanoma | cancerous growth composed of melanocytes they often metastasize to the lung, liver, bone, and brain often related to exposure to ultraviolet light, may be a genetic predisposition |
| Kaposi's sarcoma | malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by one form is associated with AIDS cutaneous nodules often seen in the lower extremities |
| cryosurgery | use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue achieved with liquid nitrogen |
| curettage | use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion |
| electrodesiccation | tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark |
| Mohs surgery | thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is used mainly with basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas, and other tumors examined under a microscope to check for adequate extent of |
| skin biopsy | suspicious skin lesions are removed or sampled and examined microscopically by a pathologist |
| skin test | substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed |
Created by:
Marshaherrera
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