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FINAL EXAM TERMS
Final Exam Prep Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | The study of the human body's structures |
| Physiology | The study of the function of body parts |
| Cephalad | Toward the head; superior |
| Exocrine glands | Glands that have ducts that take secretions away from the gland to the surface of a passageway or skin |
| Endocrine glands | Ductless glands that secrete hormones |
| Endocardium | The inner lining of the heart |
| Pericardium | The serous membrane that covers the heart |
| Osteocyte | Bone tissue cells |
| Epidermis | The outermost layer of the skin |
| Pathology | The study of disease |
| Melanin | The pigment that provides UV protection from the sun and is responsible for variations in skin coloring |
| Impetigo | Highly contagious, staphylococcal skin disease of children |
| Sebum | The body's lubrication; oil; produced by the sebaceous glands |
| Dermis | The layer of skin directly below the epidermis; connective tissue; "true" skin |
| Alopecia | The medical word for baldness |
| Kyphosis | The accentuated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae; hunchback |
| Scoliosis | An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, often in the thoracic region |
| Lordosis | The accentuated inward curvature of the lumbar vertebrae |
| True ribs | The first 7 pairs of ribs |
| False ribs | Rib pairs 8, 9, and 10 |
| Floating ribs | Rib pairs 11 andd 12` |
| Osteoarthritis | Also known as Degenerative Joint Disease; the arthritis of wear and tear |
| Abduction | Moving a bone or limb away from the midline |
| Adduction | Moving a bone or limb toward the midline |
| Supination | Palms up, facing forward |
| Pronation | Palms down, turning downward |
| Hypertrophy | Increase in bulk caused by muscle exercise |
| Atrophy | Muscle wasting |
| Mastication | Medical word for chewing |
| Deglutition | Medical word for swallowing |
| Myalgia | Muscle pain |
| Dura mater | The outermost layer of the meninges; "tough mother" |
| Arachnoid | The second layer of the meninges; the "spider" layer |
| Pia mater | The inside layer of the meninges; the layer closest to the brain; the "tender mother" |
| Reflex | An involuntary reaction to an external stimulus |
| Receptors | Neurons that detect stimuli in the environment |
| Iris | The colored part of the eye |
| Pupil | The opening in the center of the eye that allows light to enter |
| Cornea | The transparent part of the outermost layer of the eye |
| Cerumen | Ear wax |
| Choroid | The second layer of the eye; contains blood vessels and pigment cells |
| Glycosuria | The medical term for excessive amounts of glucose in the urine |
| Polyphagia | The medical term for excessive eating (eating abnormally) large amounts of food |
| Polydipsia | The medical word for excessive thirst |
| Polyuria | The production of excessively large amounts of urine |
| Menopause | The period of time when female menstrual cycles end. |
| Mammography | The procedure that uses low intensity x-rays to detect tumors in the soft tissues of the breast |
| Fallopian tubes | The tubes that transport the ova from the ovaries to the uterus |
| Gamete | Sex cell |
| Gonad | Sex gland |
| Ovum | The female gamete; sex cell |
| Spermatozoa | The proper name for the male gamete; sex cell |
| Hyperglycemia | Excess amounts of glucose in the blood |
| Spasm | A sudden involuntary muscle contraction |
| Sprain | Tearing of ligaments around a joint |
| Myelin | The fatty material that insulates and protects the axons of some neurons |
| Neuropathy | Any disease of the nerves |
| Quadriplegia | Paralysis in all four limbs |
| Neuroglia | Nervous system support cells that the support nervous tissue and bind it to other structures |
| Neuritis | Inflammation of a nerve |
| Myopia | Near-sighted vision |
| Hyperopia | Far-sighted vision |
| Presbyopia | Vision changes brought on by aging |
| Otitis externa | Infection/inflammation of the external auditory canal; commonly known as "Swimmer's Ear" |
| Otitis media | Infection/inflammation of the middle ear; a common malady for infants and toddlers |
| Olfaction | The medical word for the sense of smell |
| Presbycusis | Hearing loss brought on by aging. |
| Albinism | A dermatologic disorder caused by lack of pigment in the skin, leading to white hair, fair skin, and pink eyes. |
| Vitiligo | An acquired skin disease that results in irregular patches of skin lacking in any pigmentation |
| Fibrillation | Rapid, uncontrolled contraction of individual myocardial cells, resullting in the heart's inability to pump blood effectively |
| Cramp | Spastic and painful muscle contractions that occur because of an irritation within the muscle |
| Contracture | A condition in which a muscle shortens in length in the resting state and remains that way. |
| Auricle | The flexible, visible part of the external ear |
| Diabetes Mellitus | A chronic endocrine disorder caused by a deficiency of insulin from the pancreas. Cardinal symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia |
| Diabetes Insipidus | A chronic endocrine disorder caused by a deficiency of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) from the posterior pituitary. Symptoms, polyuria and polydipsia |
| Prostate Gland | The doughnut-shaped gland the surrounds the upper portion of the male urethra |
| Zygote | The term used to describe a newly fertilized egg. |
| Embryo | The term used to describe a fertilized egg from weeks 2-8 |
| Fetus | The term used to describe a developing offspring after approximately 9 weeks of development. |
| Frontal plane | Also known as the Coronal or Crown plane; Aligns with the coronal suture and divides the body into anterior and posterior sections |
| Sagittal Plane | Aligns with the sagittal suture and divides the body into left and right sections |
| Mid-sagittal Plane | Aligns with the sagittal suture and divides the body into equal left and right sections. |
| Septicemia | The medical term for blood poisoning |
| Hematopoiesis | The process by which all blood cells are formed in the bone marrow. |
| Fibrinolysis | The natural dissolution of a clot after a wound heals. |
| Plasma | The liquid portion of blood |
| Hemophilia | An inherited clotting disorder carried on the X chromosome |
| Embolism | An abnormal condition in which a blood clot becomes lodged in a blood vessel |
| Serum | The clear yellowish liquid that remains after a clot is formed; plasma minus the clotting factors |
| Thrombosis | Condition of clot formation |
| Infarction | Death to tissues resulting from interrupted blood flow to an area |
| Peritoneum | The serous membrane that lines the entire abdominal cavity |
| Pleura | The serous membrane that covers the lungs |
| Nerve | A bundle of nerve cells or fibers |
| Encephalitis | Inflammation of brain tissue |
| Meningitis | Inflammation of the lining of the brain |
| Exophthalmos | Bulging of the eyeballs due to hyperthyroidism |
| Cretinism | Hypothyroidism present at birth, causing profound retardation and short stature. |
| Dwarfism | A condition caused by too little growth hormone secretion before puberty. |
| Androgens | Male sex hormones that stimulate development of male sexual characteristics |
| Estrogens | Female sex hormones that stimulate development of female sexual characteristics and play a role in the female reproductive cycle. |
| Testosterone | The hormone that controls the development, growth, and maintenance of the male sex organs and is responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics |
Created by:
AZCBIO
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