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L3 A&P - UNIT 1 - S1
Section 1 - Heart & circulatory system & relation to exercise & health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Main Valves of the heart ? | Atrioventricular + Semi-lunar valves |
| which valves are located between the atria & the ventricles | Atrioventricular |
| which valves are located at the "base of the arteries" leaving the heart (aorta and pulmonary artery) | semilunar valves (aorta and pulmonary artery valves) |
| Opening & closing of the heart valves occurs due to what ? | pressure differences between the atria & ventricles |
| Stopping blood flow back into the atria chambers is a job of which heart valves | Atrioventricular |
| Stopping blood flow back into the ventricle chambers is a job of which heart valves | semilunar |
| during the cardiac cycle causes the distinct ‘lub-dub’ noises associated with the heartbeat is caused by what ? | The sequential shutting of the valves |
| As Atrioventricular valves snap shut, they are anchored in place by tendon-like chords named ? | chordae tendineae |
| what is the job of the tendon like chords (chordae tendineae) attached to the Atrioventricular valves | they prevent the valve flaps from being pushed too far into the atria |
| What are oxygen & nutrients carried in ? | The Blood |
| The coronary circulation is comprised of how many branches | two |
| The coronary circulation is comprised of two branches which supply which two tissues of the heart | Superficial & deep |
| The heart, like any other living tissue, requires a constant supply of what ? | oxygen and nutrients |
| The coronary circulation is comprised of two branches which stem form where ? | the base of the aorta – the main artery leaving the left ventricle |
| the narrowing of the blood vessels is known as ? | Vascular disease |
| Vascular disease is caused by what on the vessels wall ? | plaque build-up |
| restricting or preventing blood flow to tissues and organs can be the effects of which disease | Vascular disease |
| what causes plaque build-up in artery blood vessels | (arterial fatty deposits) |
| an accumulation of what 3 deposits causes plaque build-up in artery blood vessels ? (M,P,F) | mineral, protein and fat |
| Name some symptoms of vascular disease | reduced ability to exercise, bouts of chest pain (angina) and even heart attacks. It is also linked to strokes and kidney disease |
| Ischemic heart disease is related to what two medical issues ? | valve disease and myocardial infarction (heart attack) |
| what is a myocardial infarction commonly known as ? | (heart attack) |
| Cerebro-vascular disease is related to what two medical issues ? | strokes and degenerative conditions (vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease) |
| what are two of the three biggest killers in the developed world | ischemic heart disease and cerebro-vascular disease |
| High blood pressure is linked to two of the biggest killers in the developed world what are they | ischemic heart disease and cerebro-vascular disease |
| which BP reading is the pressure of blood during the contraction phase of the heartbeat | Systolic |
| which BP reading is the pressure of blood during the relaxation phase of the heartbeat | Diastolic |
| Blood pressure of 140/ 90 mmHg is considered to be ? | High |
| Individuals with measures above ???/ ?? mmHg are encouraged to see their doctor before commencing physical activity programmes | 144/ 94 mmHg |
| Short-term increases in diastolic blood pressure usually only occur as a result of | holding your breath & isometric muscle contractions |
| what is increased to cause a rise in systolic blood pressure, but may not affect the diastolic pressure | heart rate |
| The volume of blood pumped out per beat is known as | Stroke Volume |
| The total volume of blood pumped per minute is known as | Cardiac output |
| Lower resting BP, Reduced risk of Vascular disease, Lower rest HR, Higher resting stroke volume all represent Long or short term changes to exercise ? | Long |
| Higher Sytolic BP, Elevated pulse & stroke volume, Higher Cardiac output, Raised diastolic BP from heavy lifting all represent Long or short term changes to exercise ? | short |
| when breath is held while straining and causes rapid, potentially dangerous short-term rises in BP is known as what effect | valsalva effect |
| Cardiovascular benefits of endurance aerobic training | greater stroke volume, lower heart rate, more elastic arteries, Lower cholesterol, improved blood supply, Higher levels of haemoglobin in the blood, Lower blood pressure in the long term |
| Which of the following would reduce blood pressure in the short term? A Vasoconstriction B Increased venous return C Vasodilation D Lower heart rate | Vasodilation (widening or dilation of the blood vessels) |
| the dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure is known as | Vasodilation |
| What is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle called? A Ventricular B Diastole C Systole D Systemic | Systole |
Created by:
LeeNelson
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