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medical term ch 7
Diagnosis and Treatment; surgery
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cineradiography | making of a motion picture of successive images appearing on a fluoroscopic screen |
| computed tomography CT CT scan | use of a computer to generate an image from a large number of xrays passed at different angles through the body |
| fluoroscopy | use of xrays to examine deep structures; |
| fluoroscope | device used with xrays to examine shadows of deep structures transmitted to a scree |
| magnetic resonance imaging MRI | production of images using a magnetic field and radio waves; the characteristics of soft tissue are revealed by differences in molecular properties |
| position emission tomography PET | production of sectional body images by administration of a natural substance (glucose) labeled with a positron-emitting isotrope; used to follow blood flow through an organ and to measure metabolic activity within an organ |
| radiography | xrays through the body to make a visual record (radiograph) of internal structures |
| scintigraphy | imaging the radioactivity distribution in tissues after internal administration of a radioactive substance(radionuclide) |
| single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) | scintigraphic technique that permits visualization of a radioisotope's cross-sectional distribution |
| ultrasonography | generation of a visual image from the echoes of high frequency sound waves traveling back from different tissues; aka sonography and echography |
| bougie | slender, flexible instrument for exploring and dilating tubes |
| cannula | tube enclosing a trocar that allows escape of fluid or air after removal of the trocar |
| trocar | sharp pointed instrument contained in a cannula used to puncture a cavity |
| clamp | instrument used to compress tissue |
| curet(curette) | spoon-shaped instrument for removing material from the wall of a cavity or other surface |
| elevator | instrument for lifting tissue or bone |
| forceps | instrument for holding or extracting |
| gigli saw | flexible wire saw |
| hemostat | small clamp for stopping blood flow from a vessel |
| rasp | surgical file |
| retractor | instrument used to maintain exposure by separating a wound and holding back organs or tissues |
| rongeur | gouge forceps |
| scalpel | surgical knife with a sharp blade |
| scissors | a cutting instrument with two opposing blades |
| sound | instrument for exploring a cavity or canal |
| anesthesia | loss of the ability to feel pain, as by administration of a drug |
| auscultation | listening for sounds within the body, usually within the chest or abdomen |
| biopsy | removal of a small amount of tissue for microscopic examination |
| cautery | destruction of tissue by a damaging agent (harmful chemical, heat or electric current cauterization |
| chemotherapy | use of chemicals to treat disease |
| diagnosis | the process of determining the cause and nature of an illness |
| endoscope | an instrument for examining the inside of an organ or cavity through a body opening or small incision; uses fibroptics for viweing |
| excision | removal by cutting(suffix:-ectomy) |
| fixation | holding or fastening a structure in a firm position (suffix:-pexy) |
| grading | a method for evaluating a tumor based on microscopic examination of the cells |
| immunotherapy | treatment that involves stimulation or suppression of the immune system |
| incision | a cut, as for surgery; also the act of cutting (suffix: -tomy) |
| inspection | visual examination of the body |
| laser | a device that transforms light into a beam of intense heat and power; used for surgery and diagnosis |
| ophthalmoscope | an instrument for examining the interior of the eye |
| otoscope | instrument used to examine the ears |
| palliative therapy | providing relief but not cure; a treatment that provides such relief |
| palpation | examining by placing the hands or fingers on the surface of the body to determine characteristics such as texture, temperature, movement and consistency |
| percussion | tapping the body lightly but sharply to assess the condition of the underlying tissue by the sounds obtained |
| prognosis | prediction of a disease's course and outcome |
| radiography | use of xrays passed through the body to make a visual record (radiograph) of internal structures either on specially sensitized film or digitally |
| remission | lessening of disease symptoms; the period during which this decrease occurs or the period when no sign of a disease exits |
| sign | objective evidence of disease that can be observed or tested; examples fever, rash high blood pressure, blood/urine abnormalities; an objective symptom |
| sphygmomanometer | blood pressure cuff or apparatus |
| mmHg | blood pressure reading |
| systolic pressure | measured when the heart is contracting; the first number in the reading |
| diastolic pressure | measured when the heart is relaxing; the second number in the reading |
| staging | the process of classifying malignant tumors for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis |
| stethoscope | instrument used for listening to sounds produced within the body(Greek root steth/o meaning chest) |
| surgery | method for treating disease or injury by manual operations |
| suture | to unite parts by stitching them together (suffix: rhaphy) |
| symptoms | evidence of disease; can be limited to subjective evidence experienced by the individual: pain, dizziness, weakness |
| therapy | treatment, intervention |
| vital signs | measurements that reflect basic functions necessary to maintain life |
| acupuncture | Ancient Chinese method of inserting thin needles into the body at specific points to relieve pain, induce anesthesia, promote healing |
| acupressure | firm finger pressure at the surface of the body at specific points for healing |
| biofeedback | method for learning control of involuntary physiologic responses by using electronic devices to monitor bodily changes and feeding the information back to a person |
| chiropractic | science that stresses the condition of the nervous system in diagnosis and treatment of disease (Greek cheir meaning hand) |
| holistic healthcare | practice of treating a person as a whole entity with physical, emotional, social and spiritual needs; |
| homeopathy | philosophy of treating disease by administrating drugs in highly diluted form along with promoting a healthy life habits (home/o meaning same parth/o meaning disease) |
| massage | manipulation of the body or portion of the body to calm, relieve tension, increase circulation and stimulate muscles |
| meditation | process of clearing the mind by concentrating on the inner self while controlling breathing ; can also include repeating a word or phrase (mantra) |
| naturopathy | therapeutic philosophy of helping people heal themselves by developing healthy lifestyles (nature and path/o meaning disease) |
| osteopathy | system of therapy based on the theory that the body can overcome disease when it has normal structure , favorable environment and proper nutrition (osteo/o meaning bone path/o meaning disease) |
| aer/o | air, gas |
| bar/o | pressure |
| chrom/o, chromat/o | color, stain |
| chrono/o | time |
| cry/o | cold |
| electro/o | electricity |
| erg/o | work |
| phon/o | sound, voice |
| phot/o | light |
| radi/o | radiation, xray |
| son/o | sound |
| therm/o | heat, temperature |
| graph | instrument for recording data |
| graphy | act of recording data |
| gram | a record of data |
| meter | instrument for measuring |
| metry | measurement of |
| scope | instrument for viewing or examining |
| scopy | examination of |
| centesis | puncture, tap |
| desis | binding, fusion |
| ectomy | excision, surgical removal |
| pexy | surgical fixation |
| plasty | plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction |
| rhaphy | surgical repair, suture |
| stomy | surgical creation of an opening |
| tome | instrument for incising (cutting) |
| tomy | incision, cutting |
| tripsy | crushing |
| clubbing | enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes because of soft tissue growth of the nails; seen in lung and heart diseases |
| colic | acute abdominal pain associated with smooth muscle spasms |
| cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen |
| diaphoresis | profuse sweating |
| malaise | feeling of discomfort or uneasiness, often indicative of infection or other disease (French discomfort; prefix mal meaning bad) |
| nocturnal | pertaining to or occurring at night (noct/i and nyct/o mean night) |
| pallor | paleness, lack of color |
| prodome | symptom indicating an approaching disease |
| sequela | lasting effect of a disease (plural sequelae) |
| syncope | temporary loss of consciousness because of inadequate blood flow to the brain, fainting |
| alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) | a fetal protein that appears in the blood of adults with certain types of cancer |
| bruit | sound, usually abnormal, heard in auscultation |
| facies | the expression or appearance of the face |
| febrile | pertaining to fever |
| nuclear medicine | the branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substances (radionuclides) for diagnosis, therapy and research |
| radiology | the branch of medicine that uses radiation, such as xrays, in the diagnosis and treatment of disease; a specialist in this field radiologist |
| radionuclide | substance that gives off radiation; used for diagnosis and treatment; aka radioisotrope or radiopharmaceutical |
| speculum | instrument for examining a canal |
| syndrome | group of signs and symptoms that together characterize a disease condition |
| catheter | thin tube that can be passed into the body; used to remove fluids from or introduce fluids into a body cavity |
| clysis | introduction of fluid into the body; other than orally(rectum, abdominal cavity); also refers to the solution thus used |
| irrigation | flushing of a tube, cavity or area with a fluid |
| lavage | the washing out of a cavity, irrigation |
| normal saline (NS) | a salt (NaCl) solution compatible with living cells, also called physiologic saline solution (PSS) |
| paracentesis | puncture of a cavity for removal of fluid |
| prophylaxis | prevention of disease |
| drain | device for allowing matter to escape from a wound or cavity; common types include Penrose (cigarette); T-tube, Jackson-Pratt (J-P) and Hemovac |
| ligature | a tie or bandage, the process of binding or tying aka ligation |
| resection | partial excision of a structure |
| stapling | in surgery, the joining of tissue by using wire staples that are pushed through the tissue and then bent |
| surgeon | a physician who specializes in surgery |
| 1* | primary |
| * | degree |
| 2* | secondary (to) |
| ^ | above |
| = | equal to |
| ~ | approximately |
| X | times |
| # | number, pound |
| (L) | left |
| (R) | right |
| ADL | activities of daily living |
| BP | blood pressure |
| bpm | beats per minute |
| C | Celsius(centigrade) |
| CC | chief complaint |
| c/o co | complains (complaining) of |
| EOMI | extraocular muscles intact |
| ETOH | alcohol (ethyl alcohol) |
| F | Fahrenheit |
| HEENT | Head, eyes ears, nose throat |
| HIPPA | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
| h/o | history of |
| H&P | history and physical |
| HPI | History of present illness |
| HR | heart rate |
| Hx | history |
| I&O | Intake and Output |
| IPPA | Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation |
| IVDA | Intravenous drug abuse |
| NAD | no apparent distress |
| NKDA | no known drug allergies |
| P | pulse |
| PE | physical examination |
| PE(R)RLA | pupils equal (regular) react to light and accommodation |
| PMH | past medical history |
| pt | patient |
| R | respiration |
| R/O | rule out |
| ROS | review of systems |
| T | temperature |
| TPR | temperature, pulse respiration |
| VS | vital signs |
| WD | well developed |
| WNL | within normal limits |
| w/o | without |
| YO y/o | years old, year-old |
| ABC | aspiration biopsy cytology |
| AFP | alpha-fetoprotein |
| BS | bowel sounds, breath sounds |
| bx | biopsy |
| CAM | complementary and alternative medicine |
| Ci | Curie (unit of radioactivity) |
| C&S | culture and (drug) sensitivity (of bacteria) |
| CT | computed tomography |
| D/C dc | discontinue |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| EBL | estimated blood loss |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| I&D | incision and drainage |
| MET | metastasis |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| NCCAM | National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| NS N/S | normal saline |
| PCA | patient-controlled analgesia |
| PET | Position emission tomography |
| PICC | peripherally inserted central catheter |
| postop | postoperative |
| PSS | physiologic saline solution |
| RATx | radiation therapy |
| Rx | drug, prescription, therapy |
| SPECT | single-photon emission computed tomography |
| TNM | (primary) tumor, (regional lymph) nodes, (distant) metastases |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| AP | anteroposterior |
| LL | left lateral |
| PA | posteroanterior |
| RL | right lateral |
| AMA | against medical advice |
| AMB | ambulatory |
| BRP | bathroom privileges |
| CBR | complete bed rest |
| DNR | do not resuscitate |
| KVO | keep vein open |
| NPO | nothing by mouth (Latin Non per os) |
| OOB | out of bed |
| QNS | quantity not sufficient |
| QS | quantity sufficient |
| STAT | immediately |
| TKO | to keep open |
Created by:
sambone22
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