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LOM Ch. 7

Language of Medicine the urinary system

definition term
not; without a- an-
Antidiuretic hormone ADH
albumin (protein) albumino/o
vessel (blood) angi/o
against anti-
Tiny branches of arteries that lead to capillaries. They constrict and dilate to regulate blood flow. arterioles
urea; nitrogen azot/o
bacteria bacteri/o
active form of vitamin D necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestine calciferol
calic/o , calyx (calix); cup-shaped cali/o
Small cup-like regions in the renal pelvis in which urine collects before it flows into the urinary bladder. calyx or calix
Tube for injecting or removing fluids catheter
urinary bladder cyst/o
direct visual examination of urinary bladder with an endoscope cystoscopy
thirst dips/o
bad; painful dys-
stretching; dilation -ectasis
removal; excision -ectomy
blood condition -emia
in; within en-
hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow Erythropoietin (EPO)
condition -esis
Process whereby some substances pass through a filter filtration
glomerulus glomerul/o
filters the blood Glomeruli
sugar glycos/o
record -gram
water hydr/o
(water) in the kidney hydronephrosis
Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood Hypernephroma
to hold back; back isch/o
Potassium, an electrolyte K+
potassium kal/o
ketones; acetones ket/o; keton/o
One of two bean-shaped organs that filter nitrogenous waste from the bloodstream to form urine kidney
stone lith/o
condition of stones -lithiasis
incision for removal of a stone -lithotomy
breakdown -lysis
A changing magnetic field produces images of an organ and surrounding structures in three planes of the body Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) urography:
meatus meat/o
Opening or canal meatus
enlargement -megaly
sodium natr/o
death necr/o
kidney nephr/o
The functional unit of the kidney where filtration reabsorption and secretion take place nephron
Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine; examples are urea; uric acid; and creatinine nitrogenous waste
night noct/o
scanty olig/o
little; small -ole
condition -osis
disease -pathy
surrounding peri-
Potential hydrogen; degree of acidity or alkalinity pH
Phenylketonuria PKU
surgical repair -plasty
substance that forms -poietin
many, much poly-
The kidneys contain masses of cysts. Typically polycystic kidneys weigh 20 times more than their usual weight. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
An electrolyte regulated by the kidney potassium (K+)
droop; sag -ptosis
pus py/o
renal pelvis pyel/o
Renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream reabsorption
kidney ren/o
Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney renal artery
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney renal vein
enzymatic hormone secreted by the kidney important in adjusting blood pressure Renin
behind; back retro-
flow; discharge rrhea
hardening -sclerosis
narrowing, stricture -stenosis
An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; a common form of sodium is sodium chloride (salt) sodium (Na+)
new opening (to form a mouth) -stomy
process of cutting -tomy
trigone trigon/o
Triangular area in the urinary bladder trigone
to crush -tripsy
Urinalysis UA
imaging urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves Ultrasonography
urine; urinary tract ur/o
The major component of urine; is produced by the break down of proteins Urea
One of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder ureter
ureter ureter/o
urethra urethr/o
Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body urethra
urination -uria
Nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine uric acid
Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine urinary bladder
Process of expelling urine; also called micturition urination (voiding)
Urinary tract infection UTI
urinary bladder vesic/o
Created by: Marshaherrera
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