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Cardiovascular systm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which systems work together to - get oxygen into the body / move oxygen to tissues that need it / remove waste products | Cardiovascular & Respiratory systems |
| Name a waste product removed by the Cardiovascular & Respiratory systems | Carbon Dioxide |
| what two systems provide the vital process for survival plus maintenace & functioning of all the bodys tissues | Cardiovascular & Respiratory systems |
| what other name is given to the Cardiovascular system ? | circulatory system |
| what is the Cardiovascular system (circulatory system) comprised of | the heart, blood & blood vessels |
| what system is responsible for transporting oxygen & other nutrients to the bodys tissue as well as removing waste products | Cardiovascular system (circulatory system) |
| What size roughly is the heart | A mans clenched fist |
| what is the heart made up of muscle wise ? | Thick Cardio muscle (myocardium) |
| what is cardio muscle know as | myocardium |
| how many halves is the heart made up of ? | two (right & left halve) |
| which half of the heart receives blood from the "body" & pumps it to the "lungs" | the right |
| which half of the heart receives blood from the "lungs" & pumps it to the "body" | the left |
| How many heart chambers | 4 |
| what are the two "upper/superior" chambers of the heart called | the atria |
| what are the two "lower/inferior" chambers of the heart called | ventricles |
| where do the two "upper" chambers of the heart (atria) recieve blood from | the veins |
| where do the two "lower" chambers of the heart (ventricles) pump blood into | the arteries |
| what is the heart situated behind ? | the sternum |
| What position behind the sternum is the heart ? | just left of centre |
| what two organs is the heart positioned between ? | the lungs |
| The SinoAtrial Node (SAN) is know as the hearts what ? | Pacemaker |
| Where is the SinoAtrial Node (SAN) located in the heart | The right wall of the Atrium |
| The myocardium(heart muscle) is stimulates to beat roughly 72 times per minute by what | The SinoAtrial Node (SAN) - the hearts Pacemaker |
| There are many different heart valves what are their roles | to prevent blood flowing in the wrong direction |
| The Atrioventricular or (AV) valves separate which two heart chambers | Atria (upper chamber) & Ventricles (lower chamber) |
| Which two valves "prevent" blood flow back into the "Atria" whilst the "Ventricles" contracts | the left & right ventricular or (AV) valves |
| The Pulmonary & Aortic valves are know as what type of valves ? | Semilunar valves |
| During ventricular relaxation what is the job of the two semilunar valves (pulmonary & Aortic) | to stop blood flowing back into the ventricles |
| The left and right atrium make up which chamber of the heart | The Atria (upper chamber) |
| When the atria receives blood via the veins where does it pump it down to ? | the ventricles (lower chamber) |
| which of the two chambers of the heart is the largest | the ventricles (lower chamber) |
| which of the two chambers of the heart is the smallest | The Atria (upper chamber) |
| Even if The Atria (upper chamber) fail to contract properly, what happens | most of the blood still trickles into the ventricles |
| which chambers of the heart supply the force to push blood into its various destinations | the ventricles (lower chamber) |
| which ventricle has the largest muscle walls ? | the left |
| which ventricle has to pump its contents to the furthest parts of the body | the left |
| which ventricle has to only pump blood to the adjacent lungs | the right |
| which ventricle has the smaller muscle walls ? | the right |
| What nervous system is SinoAtrial Node (SAN) the hearts pacemaker part of ? | Autonomic Nervous System ANS |
| The large vein which returns blood to the heart from the head, neck and both upper limbs | superior vena cava |
| what is the main artery that carries blood away from your heart to the rest of your body | The aorta |
| where is the aorta situated | Top of the heart with three exits |
| what is the vein vena cava (Superior/Inferiors) role ? | It transports deoxygenated blood |
| which artery is responsible for transporting deoxygenated -(oxygen depleted) blood away from the heart and back toward the lungs | left / right pulmonary |
| Through which major blood vessel does the left ventricle pump blood? | Aorta |
| which artery is to transport blood from the heart to the lungs | the pulmonary |
| What is the measure of the force called that blood applies to the walls of the arteries as it runs thought them | Blood Pressure |
| what pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) | Blood Pressure |
| How many numerical readings is Blood Pressure expressed in | 2 - systolic & diastolic |
| What is the optimal Blood Pressure reading | 120/80 mmHg |
| What is the first & normally higher blood pressure number known as ? | systolic blood pressure (SBP) |
| What is the second & normally lower blood pressure number known as ? | diastolic blood pressure (DBP) |
| which BP reading is it "when pressure is exerted on the artery walls when the cardiac muscle is "contracting" & pumping blood ? | systolic blood pressure (SBP) |
| Which BP figure is caused by the rise in volume of blood flowing through the arteries with each beat, which increases the pressure within the arteries. | systolic blood pressure (SBP) |
| which BP reading is it "when pressure is exerted on the artery walls when the cardiac muscle is in "relaxed" (diastole) state ? | diastolic blood pressure (DBP) |
| When the heart is in its period of relaxation (diastole) is allowing the chambers to fill with what prior to contraction ? | Blood |
| what is the name when given at the time when the ventricles fill with blood | Diastole - relaxed |
| what kind of muscle are blood vessel walls made of ? | smooth |
| what does smooth muscle allow blood vessel walls to do | widen (vasodilate) & narrow (vasoconstrict) |
| what action does (vasodilate) mean in blood vessels | to widen |
| what action does (vasoconstrict) mean in blood vessels | to narrow |
| what does "widening (vasodilate) & narrowing (vasoconstrict)" of the blood vessel walls enable the body to direct to different tissues ? | blood flow & regulation of blood pressure |
| After a meal what happens to blood vessels that feed the digestive system | they are widened (vasodilated) |
| Why are blood vessels feeding the digestive system widened (vasodilated) after a meal & blood flow increased | to aid digestion |
| After a meal what happens to blood vessels feeding the muscles | they narrow (vasoconstrict) |
| Why are blood vessels feeding the muscles narrowed (vasoconstricted) after a meal & blood flow decreased | to aid digestion |
| During exercise where is more blood routed to | the muscles |
| During exercise where is less blood routed to | digestive system |
| Eating large meals to close to training sessions can cause what | cramp sometimes vomiting |
| Why does eating large meals to close to a training session cause cramp & possibly vomiting | not enough time for digestion |
| Blood pressure = ? x ? (CO x TPR) | Cardiac Output x Total peripheral resistance |
| what is the volume of blood pumped out by the heart in 1min (ml/min) known as | Cardiac Output |
| The greater the "Cardiac Output" will give higher what ? | Blood Pressure |
| the resistance the blood vessels offer to blood flow is known as ? (TPR) | Total peripheral resistance |
| the greater the "Total peripheral resistance" will giver higher what | Blood Pressure |
| an "arteriole" is another name for what | Blood vessel |
| peripheral resistance is increased by constriction of what vessels | Blood vessels |
| peripheral resistance is decreased by dilation of what vessels | Blood vessels |
| the function of the aorta is to carry what to the body ? | Oxygenated blood |
| Blood Pressure reading <100 / <60 is ? | Low |
| Blood Pressure reading <120 / <80 is ? | Optimal |
| Blood Pressure reading <130 / <85 is ? | Normal |
| Blood Pressure reading 130-139/85-89 is ? | High Normal - Pre Hypertension |
| Blood Pressure reading 140-159/90-99 is ? | Stage 1 Hypertension |
| Blood Pressure reading 160-179/100-109 is ? | Stage 2 Hypertension |
| Blood Pressure reading >180/>110 is ? | Stage 3 Hypertension |
| What kind of system is the blood circulation in which the pressure varies constantly | a closed system |
| what is the optimal blood pressure reading for reducing the risk of caridovascular disease | 120/80 |
| With a BP reading of 180/100mmHg (stage 3 hypertension) or above what would be your advice to an individual. | To seek medical help before beginning any exercise program |
| BP Readings below 120/80mmHG have some clinical significance but ten not to be associated with what ? | CVD Cardio vascular disease |
| All mammals including humans have what kind of circulatory system. | double |
| in a double circulatory system (eg mammals) how many times does blood pass through the heart ? | Twice |
| what are the two circulation systems in our double circulatory system ? | Pulmonary + systemic |
| How many times does blood pass through the two circulations systems Pulmonary + systemic | once |
| "PULMONARY" circulation happens between which two organs | Heart & Lungs |
| "SYSTEMIC" circulation happens between the heart & what ? | The Body |
| What is the colour of DEOXYGENATED blood ? | DARK RED (may appear bluish when viewed through blood vessel walls) |
| What is the colour of OXYGENATED blood ? | BRIGHT RED |
| Where is the "PULMONARY" chambers of the heart ? | Left Atrium + Right Ventricle |
| Where is the "SYSTEMIC" chambers of the heart ? | Right Atrium + Left Ventricle |
| The pulmonary artery & pulmonary vein are the pulmonary what | blood vessels |
| The aorta and the superior&inferior vena cava are systemic what | blood vessels |
| where does the superior vena cava carry blood from | upper body |
| where does the inferior vena cava carry blood from | lower body |
| Arteries - what kind of walls ? | thick, muscular |
| Arteries subdivide into smaller blood vessels known as ? | arterioles |
| which is the largest artery ? | aorta |
| which ventricle does the aorta carry blood from (leave) ? | left ventricle |
| which artery carrys blood under the highest pressure | aorta |
| to carry blood away from the heart under high pressure is the function of ? | arteries |
| all arteries carry oxygenated blood except which one | pulmonary artery |
| Arteries - Veins & Capillaries are all types of what | blood vessels |
| Veins - what kind of walls | thinner than arteries with little muscle tho thicker than capillaries |
| Veins subdivide into smaller blood vessels known as ? | Venules |
| what do veins contain to stop blood flowing the wrong way | valves |
| what blood vessels carry blood under low to moderate pressure towards the heart | veins |
| all veins carry oxygenated blood except which one | pulmonary vein |
| Capillaries - what kind of walls | Very thin (approx 1 cell thick) |
| Function of capillaries (blood vessels) | to link arteries to veins |
| what blood vessels are larger in number than arteries & veins | capillaries |
| what blood vessels allow diffusion of gases and nutrients through the body inc muscle tissues | capillaries |
| what is the name of the inner cells of arteries & veins | endothelial |
| how many million red blood cells in every drop of blood | 250 approx |
| what % blood volume are red blood cells | 40% |
| which is higher red or white blood cells in the body | red |
| approx how many hundred times fewer are there white than red blood cells | 700 approx |
| what is the substance that carries nutrients & oxygen to all structures of the body whilst removing waste & carbon dioxide | blood |
| blood is composed of numerous cells suspended in a liquid called ? | plasma |
| how many components does blood have | 4 |
| name bloods four components | red blood cells - white blood cells - platelets - plasma |
| in red blood cells which iron rich pigment binds to oxygen in order to carry it around the body | haemoglobin |
| which iron rich pigment gives red blood cells and blood their colour | haemoglobin |
| which blood cells are part of the immune system | white blood cells |
| which blood cells fight infection and destroy bacteria | white blood cells |
| Which one of the four components of blood prevents blood loss from a damaged vessel by forming a plug | platelet |
| Which one of the four components of blood release chemicals that help blood clotting (initial stage of damaged tissue repair) | platelet |
| Which one of the four components of blood is the straw coloured liquid portion | plasma |
| Which one of the four components of blood is mainly water (91.5%) and solutes (8.5%) | plasma |
| Which one of the four components of blood has solutes (8.5%) of protein, electrolytes, nutrients, gases, hormones, enzymes, vitamins & waste products | plasma |
| which blood vessels carry mainly deoxygenated blood | veins |
| which blood vessels carry mainly oxygenated blood | arteries |
| Which type of blood vessel has a 'pulse' | Arteries |
| From which chamber of the heart does blood leave to go to the lungs | the pulmonary artery to go to the lungs |
| What effect does adrenaline have on the heart | heart rate and stroke volume |
| What wall separates the left side and right side of the heart? | Septum |
| What organ removes waste from blood? | kidneys |
| How long does a red blood cell last ? | about 4 months |
| what is blood clotting made possible by | platelets |
| white blood cells contain a what that re blood cells dont | Nucleus |
| blood pressure is controlled by what system ? | autonomic system |
| the role of the heart valves is to control "one" way or "two" way blood flow through the heart ? | one way blood flow |
Created by:
LeeNelson
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