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criminal justice mid
midterm review study session
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The three goals of criminal justice | 1. doing justice 2. controlling crime 3. preventing crime |
Discretion | The use of one's own judgement without reference to specific rules. |
resource dependence (exchange relationship) | They rely on all agencies of the law to share the same information/resource |
Sequential tasks | The order that they have to follow in order to put someone in jail. (look at chapter 1 slide, slide 17 called flow of decision making in the cj system) |
Filtering | A screening operation; a process by which criminal justice officials screen out some cases while advancing others to the next level of decision making. |
Criminal control (criminal control vs. due process) | A model of the cj system that assumes freedom for the public to live without fear is so important that every effort must be made to repress crime; it emphasizes efficiency, speed, finality, and the capacity to apprehend, try convict, and dispose of a high |
Due process model | A model of the cj system that assumes freedom for individuals who are wrongly accused and risk unjust punishment is so important that every effort must be made to ensure that criminal justice decisions are based on reliable information; it emphasizes the |
Criminal justice wedding cake | Layer 1: The celebrated cases Layer 2: The serious felonies Layer 3: The lesser felonies Layer 4: The misdermeantors |
Disparity | Difference between groups that may either be explained by legitimate factors or indicate discriminations |
Discrimination | Occurs when groups are differentially treated without regard to their behavior or qualifications |
Mala in se | Offenses that are wrong by their very nature |
Mala prohibita | Offenses prohibited by law but not necessarily wrong in themselves |
Misdemanor | offenses less serious than felonies and usually punishable by incarceration's of no more than one year in jail, or by probation or intermediate sanctions |
Felonies | Serious crimes usually carrying a penalty of death or incarceration for more than one year |
Visible/street/ordinary Crime (Types of crime) | An offenses against persons or property, committed primarily by members of the lower class. Often referred to as "street crime" or "ordinary crime" this type of offense is the one most upsetting to the public |
Violent crimes (types of crime) | Acts against people in which death or physical injury results are violent. These include homicide, assault, rape, and robbery. These crimes are treat as the most serious crime and punishes the accordingly |
Property Crimes | Acts that threaten property held by individuals or by the state. which include theft, larceny, shoplifting, embezzlement, and burglary. |
Public order crime | Acts that threaten the general well-being of society and challenge accepted moral principles are defined as public-order crimes. includes public drunkenness, aggressive panhandling, vandalism, and disorderly conduct. well be treated as minor defense but |
Occupational crime | Criminal offenses committed through opportunities created in a legal business or occupation. This is legal business or profession. |
Organized crime | A framework for the perpetration of Crinimal acts, providing illegal services that are in great demand. Usually in fields such as gambling, drugs, and prostitution. |
Victimless crime | Offenses involving a willing and private exchange of illegal goods or service that are in strong demand. Participants do not feel they are being harmed, but these crimes are prosecuted on the grounds that society as whole is being injured. |
Political Crime | An act, usually done for ideological purpose , that constitutes a threat against the state (such as treason, sedition, or espionage); or criminal act by state. |
Cybercrime | Offenses that involve the use of one or more computers. |