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Cardiovascular

TermDefinition
apex tip or end of a cone-shaped structure
cardiologist one who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of the heart
cardiovascular pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
intercostal the space between two ribs
mediastinum area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus and trachea
endocardium the inside lining of the heart
epicardium the outer layer of the heart wall
myocardium the muscular layer of the heart
parietal pertaining to the outer layer of the pericardium and other body cavities
pericardium sac-like structure around the heart
visceral pertaining to internal organs
atrioventricular pertaining to both the atria and the ventricles
atrium chamber where blood enters the heart on both the right and left sides
bicuspid having two points or flaps
chordae tendinae tendinous cords attaching the bicuspid and tricuspid valves the heart wall
semilunar appears like a half-moon
septum a wall dividing two cavities
tricuspid having three points or flaps
ventricle chamber of the heart or brain
AV bundle pathway for electrical signals to be transmitted to the ventricles
AV node part of the heart's conduction system that receives electrical impulses
diastole relaxation of heart cavities, during which they fill with blood
Purkinje fibers network of nerve fibers in the myocardium
sinus rhythm normal (optimal) heart rhythm arising from the sinoatrial node
systole contraction of the heart muscle
arrythmia an abnormal heart rhythm
bradycardia slow heart rate (below 60 beats per minute)
dysrythmia an abnormal heart rhythm
fibrillation uncontrolled quivering or twitching of the heart muscle
palpitation occurring in sharp, spasmodic episodes
tachycardia rapid heart rate (above 100 beats per minute)
cardiomegaly enlargement of the heart
cardiopathy disease of the heart muscle
cor pulmonale right-sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease
endocarditis inflammation of the lining of the heart
myocarditis inflammation of the heart muscle
pericarditis inflammation of the pericardium
stenosis narrowing of a canal or passage, like a heart valve
tamponade pathologic compression of an organ, like the heart
angina pectoris condition of severe pain in the chest due to coronary heart disease
anoxia without oxygen
arteriosclerosis hardening of the arteries
asystole absence of contractions of the heart
atheroma lipid deposit in the lining of an artery
atherosclerosis atheroma (lipid deposit) in arteries
hypovolemic having decreased blood volume in the body
infarction sudden blockage of an artery
ischemia lack of blood supply to a tissue
necrosis pathologic death of tissue or cells
thrombosis formation of a blood clot (thrombus)
coarctation constriction by narrowing, especially of the aorta
hypertension persistent high arterial blood pressure
hypotension persistent low arterial blood pressure
orthopnea difficulty breathing while lying flat
brachiocephalic pertaining to both the head and the arm, as in an artery supplying both
vasoconstriction reduction in the diameter of a blood vessel
vasodilation increase in diameter of a blood vessel
aneurysm dilation or ballooning of an artery or cardiac chamber
claudication intermittent leg pain caused by circulatory problems
embolus detached piece of thrombus, bacteria, air or foreign body that blocks a blood vessel
phlebitis inflammation of a vein
thrombophlebitis inflammation of a vein with clot formation
murmur abnormal sound heard while auscultating the heart or blood vessels
sphygmomanometer instrument used to measure arterial blood pressure
defibrillator instrument used to restore normal heart rhythm
thrombolysis dissolving a blood clot (thrombus)
Created by: Prof Parker
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