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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

CHAPTER 6 CARDIOVASCULAR KEY TERMS

TermDefinition
Aortic valve exits the left ventricle into the aorta.
Apex the largest part of the heart; the lower left area.
Apical pulse Listening to this is considered the most accurate method of measuring heart rate.
Arteries Move blood from the heart to the body.
Arterioles Tiny arteries.
Arteriosclerosis Abnormal condition of hardening of an artery; thickening, loss of elasticity, and loss of contractility of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries.
Atherosclerosis Common form of arteriosclerosis; caused by deposits of cholesterol, lipids, and calcium on the walls of arteries, which may restrict blood flow.
Atria The two upper chambers of the heart.
Atrioventricular node The “backup” pacemaker that transmits the SA node impulse to both ventricles.
Auscultating The term that means “listening to”
Bicuspid valve Exits the left atrium into the left ventricle.
Blood pressure Reflects the amount of pressure exerted against the arterial walls during the ventricular contraction and ventricular relaxation phases of the cardiac cycle.
Capillaries Blood enters these after leaving the arterioles. Their walls are just one cell thick.
Cardiac cycle The contraction and relaxation of the four heart chambers.
Cardiovascular system Include arteries, veins, capillaries, and heart; also called circulatory system.
Cholesterol A fatty, plaque-like substance that can narrow or block coronary vessels.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) Blood vessels in the coronary arteries narrow; also called atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD).
Depolarization Electrical charge transmitted throughout the muscle cells of the heart.
Diastole The lower blood pressure number which reflects the lowest pressure exerted against artery walls during ventricular relaxation.
Endocardium The inner lining of the heart.
Epicardium The outer lining of the heart.
Hypertension High blood pressure; a reading of 140/90 or higher.
Inferior vena cava Vein that blood travels from the lower body into the heart.
Mediastinum The area slightly left of the center of the chest.
Myocardial infarction (MI) Heart attack; heart muscle dies from lack of oxygen.
Created by: cindymiller
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