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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
CHAPTER 6 CARDIOVASCULAR KEY TERMS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aortic valve | exits the left ventricle into the aorta. |
| Apex | the largest part of the heart; the lower left area. |
| Apical pulse | Listening to this is considered the most accurate method of measuring heart rate. |
| Arteries | Move blood from the heart to the body. |
| Arterioles | Tiny arteries. |
| Arteriosclerosis | Abnormal condition of hardening of an artery; thickening, loss of elasticity, and loss of contractility of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries. |
| Atherosclerosis | Common form of arteriosclerosis; caused by deposits of cholesterol, lipids, and calcium on the walls of arteries, which may restrict blood flow. |
| Atria | The two upper chambers of the heart. |
| Atrioventricular node | The “backup” pacemaker that transmits the SA node impulse to both ventricles. |
| Auscultating | The term that means “listening to” |
| Bicuspid valve | Exits the left atrium into the left ventricle. |
| Blood pressure | Reflects the amount of pressure exerted against the arterial walls during the ventricular contraction and ventricular relaxation phases of the cardiac cycle. |
| Capillaries | Blood enters these after leaving the arterioles. Their walls are just one cell thick. |
| Cardiac cycle | The contraction and relaxation of the four heart chambers. |
| Cardiovascular system | Include arteries, veins, capillaries, and heart; also called circulatory system. |
| Cholesterol | A fatty, plaque-like substance that can narrow or block coronary vessels. |
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) | Blood vessels in the coronary arteries narrow; also called atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD). |
| Depolarization | Electrical charge transmitted throughout the muscle cells of the heart. |
| Diastole | The lower blood pressure number which reflects the lowest pressure exerted against artery walls during ventricular relaxation. |
| Endocardium | The inner lining of the heart. |
| Epicardium | The outer lining of the heart. |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure; a reading of 140/90 or higher. |
| Inferior vena cava | Vein that blood travels from the lower body into the heart. |
| Mediastinum | The area slightly left of the center of the chest. |
| Myocardial infarction (MI) | Heart attack; heart muscle dies from lack of oxygen. |