Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nervous System
Chapter 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CNS (Central Nervous System) | portion of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord |
| acetylcholine | chemical neurotransmitter |
| action potential | nerve impulse |
| adrenergic fiber | axon whose terminal releases norepinephrine and epinephrine |
| afferent neuron | carrying or conveying nerve impulses toward the CNS |
| anesthesia | loss of sensation |
| antidiuretic hormone(ADH) | hormone produced in the posterior pituitary gland to regulate the balance of water in the body by accelerating the reabsorption of water |
| arachnoid matter | delicate, weblike middle membrane covering the brain, the meninges |
| astrocyte | a glial cell |
| autonomic effector | tissues to which autonomic neurons conduct impulses |
| Autonomic nervous system (ANS) | division of the human nervous system that regulates involuntary actions |
| autonomic neuron | motor neurons that make up the ANS |
| axon | nerve cell process that transmits impulses away from the cell body |
| basal nuclei (basal ganglia) | any of a group of islands of grey matter located in the base of the cerebrum that are responsible for automatic movements and postures |
| blood brain barrier (BBB) | two-ply wall formed by the wall of a capillary and the surrounding extensions of a glial cell called an astrocyte, functions to prevent harmful chemicals from entering vital brain tissue |
| catecholamine | class of neurotransmitters that includes norepinephrine and epinephrine |
| cell body | the main part of a neuron from which the dendrites and axons extend |
| cerebellum | the second largest part of the human brain that plays an essential role in the production of normal movements |
| cerebral cortex | a thin layer of gray matter made up of neuron dendrites and cell bodies that compose the surface of the cerebrum |
| cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) | flud that fills the subarachnoid space in the brain and spinal cord and in the cerebral ventricles |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | a hemorrhage or cessation of blood flow through cerebral blood vessels resulting in destruction of neurons; commonly called a stroke |
| cerebrum | the largest and uppermost part of the human brain that controls consciousness, memory, sensations, emotions, and voluntary movmements |
| cholinergic fiber | axon whose terminals release acetylchonline |
| choroid plexus | a network of brain capillaries that are involved with the production of cerebrospinal fluid |
| corpus callosum | where the right and left cerebral hemispheres are joined |
| cranial nerve | any of 12 pairs of nerves that attach to the undersurface of the brain and conduct impulses between the brain and structures in the head, neck and thorax |
| dendrite | branching or treelike; a nerve cell process that transmits impulses toward the body |
| dermatome | any of the skin surface areas supplied by a single spinal nerve |
| diencephalon | "between" brain; parts of the brain between the cerebral hemispheres and the mesencephalon or midbrain |
| dopamine | chemical neurotransmitters |
| dura mater | literally "strong or hard mother"; outermost layer of the meninges |
| effector | responding organ |
| efferent neuron | neurons that transmit impulses from the CNS to the periphery |
| endoneurium | the thin wrapping of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each axon in a nerve |
| endorphin | any of a group of chemicals in the CNS that influence pain perception; a natural painkiller |
| enkephalin | peptide chemical in the CNS that acts as a natural painkiller |
| epineurium | a tough fibrous sheath that covers the whole nerve |
| fascicle | small bundle of fibers, as in a small bundle of nerve fibers or muscle fibers |
| fight-or-flight response | the changes produced by increased sympathetic impulses allowing the body to deal with any type of stress |
| ganglion | a region of gray nerve tissue |
| glia | supporting cells of nervous tissue |
| glioma | one of the most common types of brain tumors |
| gray matter | tissue comprising cell bodies and unmyelinated axons and dendrites |
| gyri | ridge |
| herpes zoster | "shingles" viral infection that affects the skin of a single dermatone |
| hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid "water on the brain" |
| hypothalamus | vital neuroendocrine and autonomic control center beneath the thalamus |
| interneuron | nerve that conducts impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons (central or connecting neuron) |
| limbic system | a collection of various small regions of the brain that act together to produce emotion and emotional response; emotional brain) |
| lumbar puncture | when some cerebrospinal fluid is withdrawn from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region of the spinal cord |
| medulla oblongata | the lowest part of the brainstem; an enlarged extension of the spinal cord; the vital centers are located within this area |
| meninges | fluid-containing membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| microglia | one type of connective tissue found in the brain and spinal cord |
| midbrain | one of the three parts of the brainstem |
| motor neuron | transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial |
| multiple sclerosis (MS)` | the most common primary disease of the CNS; a myelin disorder |
| myelin | lipoid substance found in the myelin sheath around some nerve fibers |
| myelin disorder | any of several disorders characterized by loss or improper development of the myelin sheath that surrounds many axons of the nervous system |
| myelinated fiber | any of the specialized contractile cells of muscle tissue |
| nerve | collection of nerve fibers |
| neurilemma | nerve sheath |
| neuroglia | supporting cells of nerve tissue (nerve glue) |
| neurologist | physician specializing in the treatment of nervous system disorders |
| neuron | nerve cell, including its processes (axons and dendrites) |
| neuroscientist | scientist specializing in research concerning the structure and function of the nervous system |
| neurotransmitter | chemicals by which neurons communicate |
| nitric oxide (NO) | small gas molecule used as a neurotransmitter or paracrine agent |
| nodes of Ranvier | indentations that are found between adjacent Schwann cells |
| norepinephrine | hormone secreted by adrenal medulla; released by sympathetic nervous system |
| oligodendrocyte | a cell that holds nerve fibers together and produces the myelin sheath around axons in the CNS |
| paralysis | loss of the power of motion, especially voluntary motion |
| parasympathetic postganglion neuron | ANS neuron in which dendrites and cell body are in a parasympathetic ganglion, and axon travels to a variety of visceral effectors |
| Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) | part of the autonomic nervous system, ganglia are connected to the brainstem and the sacral segments of the spinal cord; controls many visceral effectors under normal conditions |
| parasympathetic preganglion neuron | ANS neuron in which dendrites and cell body are located in the gray matter of the brainstem and sacral cord segments; axon terminates in a parasympathetic ganglion |
| Parkinson's Disease | a chronic disease of the nervous system characterized by a set of signs called parkinsonism that results from a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine in certain regions of the brain that normally inhibit overstimulation of skeletal muscle |
| perineurium | connective tissue that encircles a bundle of nerve fibers within a nerve |
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | the nerves connecting the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body |
| pharmacist | health-care worker trained to dispense drugs and educate patients in their proper use |
| pharmacologist | scientist specializing in the study of drug actions |
| pharmacy technician | health-care worker trained to dispense drugs under the supervision of a pharmacist |
| pia mater | the vascular innermost covering of the brain and spinal cord |
| pineal gland | endocrine gland located in the third ventricle o the brain and produces melatonin |
| plexus | literally a braid or network, convergence and divergence of pathways |
| pons | the part of the brainstem between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain |
| postganglionic neuron | autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses from a ganglion to cardiac or smooth muscle |
| postsynaptic neuron | a neuron situated distal to a synapse |
| preganglionic neuron | autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses between the spinal cord and a ganglion |
| presynaptic neuron | a neuron situated proximal to a synapse |
| psychiatrist | physician specializing in mental health |
| psychologist | someone who studies mental processes or treats mental conditions through counseling or related therapies |
| receptor | peripheral beginning of a sensory neuron's dendrite |
| reflex | involuntary action |
| reflex arc | allows an impulse to travel in only one direction |
| reticular formation | located in the medulla where bits of gray and white matter mix intricately |
| saltatory conduction | when a nerve impulse encounters myelin and "jumps" from one node of Ranvier to the next |
| Schwann Cell | large nucleated cell that forms a myelin sheath around peripheral neurons |
| sensory neuron | neuron that transmits impulses to the spinal cord and brain from any of various parts of the body |
| serotonin | a neurotransmitter that belongs to a group of compounds called catecholamines |
| Shingles | viral infection affects the skin of a single dermatone herpes zoster |
| spinal nerve | nerve that connects the spinal cord to peripheral structures such as skin and skeletal muscles |
| spinal tract | any of the white columns of the spinal cord (ascending and descending) |
| sulci | furrow or groove |
| sympathetic nervous system | part of the ANS functioning as an emergency system |
| synapse | junction between adjacent neurons |
| synaptic cleft | the space between a synaptic knob and the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron |
| synaptic know | tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of a presynaptic neuron's axon that contains vesicles with neurotransmitters |
| thalamus | located just above the hypothalamus, helps produce sensations and associate sensations with emotions |
| tract | any passageway |
| ventricle | small cavity |
| white matter | nerves covered with white myelin |
| withdrawal reflex | reflex that moves a body part away from an irritating stimulus |
Created by:
Kdowd713
Popular Health & Social Care sets