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Skeletal System
Medical Terminology Chapter 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| diaphysis | main shaft-like portion of a long bone; hollow cylindrical shape consisting of compact bone |
| epiphysis | located at each end of a long bone; bulblike shape and ample space for muscle attachment |
| epiphyseal line | layer of cartilage separating the diaphysis from the epiphysis; growth plate |
| periosteum | thick white fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the long bone, except for the joint surfaces |
| articular cartilage | think layer of cartilage that covers the ends of long bones and the surfaces of the joints |
| medullary cavity | cavity within the long bone where yellow marrow is found |
| haversian canals | system of small canals containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves that extend length wise through compact bone |
| cancellous bone | spongy bone or trabecular bone; not as dense as compact bone; |
| trabeculae | needlelike bony spicules that give the cancellous bone its spongy look; arranged along lines of stress, adding strenghth; space between contain red bone marrow |
| red bone marrow | blood cell production occurs; more prevalent in infants and children; becomes yellow marrow as one ages |
| yellow marrow | stores fat; not an active sight for blood cell production in adults |
| osteoblasts | immature bone cells |
| ossification | conversion of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage into bone or bony substance |
| osteoclasts | large cells that digest or absorb bony tissue |
| resorption | process of removing old bone tissue or destroying it, so that its components can be absorbed in to circulation |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| bone markings | specific features of individual bones |
| bone processes | projections or outgrowths of bone |
| bone head | a rounded, knoblike end of a long bone; separated from the shaft of the bone by a narrow portion |
| neck | a constricted or narrow section that connects with the head, as in the neck connecting to the head or the neck of the femur |
| tuberosity | an elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone; usually for attachment of muscles or tendons |
| trochanter | large bony process located below the neck of the femur, for attachment of muscles |
| condyle | a knucklelike projection at the end of a bone; usually fits into a fossa of another bone to form a joint |
| crest | a distinct border or ridge; an upper elevated edge, as in the upper part of the hip bone (iliac crest); usually a site for muscle attachment |
| spine | a sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to crest |
| bone depression | concave (indented) areas, or openings, in a bone, help form joints or serve as points of attachment for muscle |
| sulcus | a groove or depression in a bone; a fissure |
| sinus | an opening or hollow space in the bone |
| fissure | a groove or depression in a bone |
| fossa | a hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone |
| foramen | a hole within a bone that allows blood vessels or nerves to pass through |
| frontal bone | forms the forehead (front of the skull) and the upper part of the bony cavities that contain the eyeballs; frontal sinuses are located here |
| parietal bone | moving toward the back of the head, just behind the frontal bones; two bones that form most of the top an the upper sides of the cranium |
| occipital bone | single bone that forms the back of the head and the base of the skull |
| temporal bone | two bones for the lower sides and part of the base of the skull |
| sphenoid bone | a bat-shaped bone located at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bones; part of the base of the eye orbits |
| ethmoid bone | lies just behind the nasal bone; forms the front of the base of the skull, part of the eye orbits, and the nasal cavity |
| sutures | immovable joints of the cranial bones |
| fontanel; fontanelle | a space between bones of an infant's cranium that is covered by a tough membrane |
| anterior, frontal fontanelle | diamond-shaped space between the frontal and parietal bones in infants; closes between 18 and 24 monts |
| posterior, occipital fontanelle | space between the occipital and parietal bones in an infant and is much smaller that the anterior fontanelle; closes within 2 months after birth |
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