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Body Sys2-Lymphatic
Medical Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| immunity | the ability to resist a harmful substance or pathogen |
| body system | a collection of organs or structures whose coordinated activities perform one or more vital functions |
| lymphatic system | a system that helps circulate blood and fight off disease and infection; it works with, and forms a part of, two other body systems: the circulatory system and the immune system |
| circulatory system | the body system that moves blood throughout the body |
| immune system | a collection of cells, tissues, and organs that fights disease and infection |
| plasma | the liquid part of blood that is mostly water and composes about 55 percent of blood |
| interstitial fluid | plasma that has escaped from a capillary to nourish adjacent tissues |
| lymph | that portion of the interstitial fluid that is returning to the bloodstream via lymphatic vessels rather than veins |
| leukocyte | also known as a white blood cell (WBC), a cell that fights disease and infection |
| lymphocyte | a type of white blood cell important for fighting viruses and cancers and for creating antibodies |
| antibody | a protein that can bind to a specific antigen so that the immune system can remove it more easily |
| antigen | the ability to resist a harmful substance or pathogen |
| antibody binding | the process by which an antibody identifies and attaches to a specific antigen |
| lymphatic vessel | part of a network of tubes that forms part of the circulatory system, returning lymph to the bloodstream |
| lymphoid tissues and organs | the tissues and organs that work with the immune system to defend the body, including the thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, adenoids, and other structures |
| primary lymphoid tissue | the lymphoid tissues responsible for the creation and maturation of leukocytes and consisting of the bone marrow and thymus |
| secondary lymphoid tissue | the lymphoid tissues that form the front lines of the immune system, encountering and processing the dangers, and consisting of the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and adenoids |
| bone marrow | a spongy tissue found in the hollow portion of long bones, where blood cell production occurs |
| thymus | an organ made of lymphoid tissue that is specialized to prepare certain new lymphocytes that were created in the bone marrow to do their job |
| lymph node | a grape-size oval organ made of lymphoid tissue that filters lymph to clean it of foreign material, pathogens, and cancer cells |
| spleen | an organ in the left upper abdomen that serves to filter blood, stores a reserve of red blood cells, and functions like a large lymph node |
| adenoid | small lymphoid organ in the pharynx that serves as a first line of defense against inhaled or ingested pathogens |
| tonsil | small paired lymphoid organs in the pharynx that serves as a first line of defense against inhaled or ingested pathogens |
| innate immunity | the immune capabilities present at birth, including all the nonspecific ways of responding to immune challenges |
| acquired immunity | also known as adaptive immunity, the immune capabilities that are developed over a lifetime of experience with foreign antigens |
| immunological memory | the body’s ability to remember foreign antigens that have affected the body, helping the immune system quickly remove these substances if subsequent invasions occur |
| cell-mediated immunity | all the immune system responses that do not involve antibodies |
| inflammation | an immune response to injury characterized by increased blood flow, redness, warmth, swelling, and pain |
| immune cells | the smallest functional units working toward protecting the body from infection and harmful substances and including leukocytes and lymphocytes |
| granulocyte | a type of white blood cell that contains granules of chemicals that are used to fight threats, such as pathogens |
| basophil | a type of granulocyte that can release chemicals at the site of infection, causing an increase in blood flow and the attraction of other white blood cells |
| eosinophil | a type of granulocyte that contains proteins that help with communication between various parts of the immune system |
| neutrophil | a type of granulocyte that has mobility and can move from the blood vessels to sites of infection |
| phagocytosis | the process of engulfing foreign material or pathogens that is used by certain white blood cells to rid them from the body |
| monocyte | a type of white blood cell that is capable of phagocytosis |
| phagocyte | a type of white blood cell that is capable of ingesting and destroying harmful substances and pathogens. |
| macrophage | a specialized type of monocyte that has the ability to phagocytize |
| dendritic cell | a type of specialized monocyte that has the ability to phagocytize |
| T-lymphocyte | a lymphocyte that has matured in the thymus and is capable of recognizing foreign (“nonself”) cells or proteins and helping initiate their destruction |
| helper T-cell | a type of T-cell that helps other lymphocytes do their jobs |
| cytotoxic T-cell | a type of T-cell that can kill cells infected with a virus or affected by cancer |
| memory T-cell | a type of T-cell that maintains the immunologic memory that can promote a more rapid immune response to future challenges |
| B-lymphocyte | a lymphocyte that specializes in the production of antibodies |
| plasma cell | an antibody-producing B-cell |
| memory B-cell | a lymphocyte that maintains the immunologic memory important for achieving a more rapid antibody response in the future |
Created by:
rleroux
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