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Body Sys2-CardioPath
Medical Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hypoxia | a level of oxygen in the blood that is below normal |
| angina pectoris | pain in the chest due to inadequate delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | the death of heart muscle caused by lack of oxygen due to a blockage in a coronary artery; also known as a heart attack |
| cardiomyopathy | a chronic (long-lasting) disease of the heart muscle characterized by muscle that is thick, stiff, weak, and irritable, resulting in symptoms such as congestive heart failure |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | a disease in which the heart fails to pump strongly enough, causing blood to back up into the lungs or body |
| myocarditis | a disease in which the heart muscle becomes inflamed, weak, and irritable, typically due to a viral infection |
| atherosclerosis | the buildup of a waxy material called plaque in a blood vessel wall, leading to stiffening (hardening) and narrowing, as well as reduced blood flow |
| peripheral artery disease (PAD) | atherosclerosis in the arteries supplying parts of the body other than the heart or brain |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries, which are the arteries that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle |
| arrhythmia | an abnormal heart rhythm, either too fast, too slow, and/or irregular |
| tachycardia | a heart rate that is too fast, defined as a resting heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute |
| bradycardia | a heart rate that is too slow, defined as a resting heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute |
| anemia | a condition in which there are not enough red blood cells |
| leukemia | a general term that describes a variety of cancers in which there are too many white blood cells |
| stenosis | an abnormal narrowing, such as that found in diseased blood vessels or heart valves |
| auscultation | the process of listening to the sounds of the body for diagnostic purposes |
| palpation | the process of touching or feeling a patient’s body to determine the physical characteristics of an organ or structure |
| pulse oximetry | a diagnostic test using an electronic sensor that can measure the oxygen saturation of a patient’s blood based on its color |
| cardiac monitor | an electronic device that is attached to a patient in order to visualize, over time, the rate and rhythm of his or her heart; alarms can be set based on abnormal readings |
| complete blood count (CBC) | a laboratory test in which a sample of blood is examined for a variety of measures, including the quantity and types of white and red blood cells and platelets |
| cardiac enzymes | chemicals produced by the heart that can be measured in a blood sample and that can provide information about the health of the heart |
| electrocardiogram (ECG) | a recording of the electrical activity generated by the heart as it pumps; useful for diagnosing diseases |
| cardiac stress test | a test that involves the continuous recording of measures such as heart rate, the electrocardiogram, and blood pressure while the patient exercises to evaluate the health of the heart |
| Doppler flow study | a test that uses sound waves to generate images to evaluate blood vessels and blood flow; |
| echocardiogram | a test that uses sound waves to generate images to evaluate the structure of the heart |
| Holter monitor | a heart test that evaluates the electrical activity of the heart by monitoring and recording it over a 24-hour period as the patient goes about his or her normal activities; |
| electrophysiology study | an extensive study of the electrical activity of the heart using recording probes passed into the heart via an artery |
| angiogram | a test used to evaluate the health of an artery by taking X-ray images while injecting into the artery a substance that can be seen by the X-ray |
| coronary catheterization | a procedure used to diagnose or treat conditions of the coronary arteries by threading a catheter from a leg artery into a coronary artery; can be used to make an angiogram or administer treatments such as stents |
| heart biopsy | a test that involves the taking of a small sample of heart tissue to evaluate the health of the heart muscle |
| cardioversion | a procedure in which either drugs or a pulse of electricity applied to a patient’s chest to restore a normal heart rhythm |
| defibrillation | a procedure in which a pulse of electricity is applied to a patient’s chest to restore a normal heart rhythm |
| pacemaker | an electrical device that can sense cardiac electrical activity and deliver pulses of electricity to the heart muscle to initiate contractions to maintain an acceptable rhythm |
| implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) | a medical device implanted into a patient’s chest to monitor the electrical activity of the heart and administer pulses of electricity as necessary to restore a normal heart rhythm |
| coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | a procedure in which a blood vessel is harvested, usually from the patient’s leg, and surgically attached to a coronary artery to divert blood flow around (bypass) an obstruction |
| cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) | a procedure in which the normal activities of the heart and lungs are taken over by a machine to permit surgeries such as cardiac transplant, valve replacement, or coronary artery bypass grafting |
| cardiac transplant | a procedure in which a patient’s diseased heart is surgically replaced using a heart from a recently deceased organ donor |
| stent | a tubular mesh structure that can be inserted into a blood vessel and left in place to hold a narrow vessel open, improving blood flow |
| valve replacement | a surgical procedure in which one or more diseased heart valves are replaced using natural or artificial replacement valves |
| vascular graft | a procedure in which a diseased segment of an artery is replaced, or grafted, using either natural or artificial material |
| antihypertensive | a drug used to lower a patient’s blood pressure |
| statin | a drug used to treat or prevent atherosclerosis by altering the levels of certain fats circulating in the blood |
| anticoagulant | a drug used to reduce the ability of the blood to form clots |
| digitalis | a drug used to slow and regularize certain abnormal heart rhythms and to strengthen the pumping of a weak heart |
| immunosuppressant | a drug used to weaken the immune system, such as to prevent it from attacking (rejecting) a transplanted organ |
Created by:
rleroux
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