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Body Sys2-NervPath
Medical Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alzheimer’s disease | a disease of the brain characterized by progressive impairment of memory and other brain functions such as orientation and judgment |
| CVA | abbreviation for cerebrovascular accident |
| cerebrovascular accident | also known as a CVA or stroke, it is an acute loss of brain function due to interruption of blood flow to a portion of the brain |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges, which are the protective tissues covering the brain and spinal cord, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection |
| epilepsy | any of a number of conditions characterized by episodes of disturbed electrical activity in the brain, resulting in a variety of possible signs, including loss of consciousness and uncoordinated shaking movements |
| Bell’s palsy | a disease of unknown cause characterized by the rapid onset of facial paralysis, which is usually temporary and limited to one side of the face |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | The wrist consists of small passageway on the palmar side that permits the passage of tendons and a nerve.swelling in the carpal tunnel that compresses the nerve, causing symptoms in the hand such as pain, numbness, and weakness in the thumb, index, and |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | an autoimmune disease in which one’s own immune system attacks the insulation covering the nerves in the peripheral nervous system, causing paralysis |
| sciatica | a set of symptoms including pain, numbness, and weakness in a leg, hip, and/or lower back caused by compression of the main nerve supplying the leg or one of its spinal roots |
| transient ischemic attack | an acute temporary (transient) loss of brain function due to interruption of blood flow to a portion of the brain |
| quadriplegia | paralysis and loss of sensation in the torso and all four limbs, typically caused by spinal cord injury |
| paralysis | the loss of function in one or more muscles, resulting in an inability to move the affected part of the body |
| paraplegia | paralysis and loss of sensation in the lower part of the body, including the legs, typically caused by spinal cord injury |
| TIA | abbreviation for transient ischemic attack |
| Parkinson’s disease | a degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by movement disorders, including tremor, slow movement, rigidity, and instability, as well as disorders of mood, thought, and judgment |
| migraine headache | a disorder characterized by recurrent severe, throbbing, one-sided headaches, often associated with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light |
| poliomyelitis | an infectious viral disease that can affect the spinal cord, resulting in often permanent paralysis |
| DNA | is the chemical that encodes the genetic instructions for all life forms |
| genetic testing | a diagnostic test in which a person’s DNA is examined to detect abnormalities |
| amniocentesis | a diagnostic procedure in which fluid is withdrawn from the uterus of a pregnant woman to perform genetic and other testing to identify potential problems with the fetus |
| arteriography | a diagnostic procedure used to visualize blood flow within an artery to diagnose problems such as blockages or ruptures |
| electroencephalography | a diagnostic procedure in which the electrical activity of the brain is recorded to assist with the diagnosis of a condition such as epilepsy |
| reflex | a quick shortening of a muscle caused by any sudden stretch placed on the muscle |
| spinal tap | a diagnostic procedure in which a sample of spinal fluid—a protective fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord—is withdrawn with a needle for analysis |
| brain scan | a diagnostic image of the brain made using one of a variety of available technologies |
| magnetic resonance imaging | a type of medical imaging that uses strong magnetic forces to generate signals a computer can assemble into a 2-D or 3-D image of a body structure |
| EEG | abbreviation for electroencephalogram |
| MRI | abbreviation for magnetic resonance imaging |
| polysomnography | a diagnostic test in which a variety of data, including EEG data, is gathered while a person sleeps to diagnose sleep disorders |
| positron emission tomography | a type of medical imaging that uses a harmless radioactive substance, injected into the bloodstream, to generate 3-D images for diagnostic purposes |
| craniotomy | a surgical procedure involving the cutting open of the skull bone to access and operate on deeper structures such as the brain |
| discectomy | the surgical removal of a portion of an intervertebral disc, which is a flexible tissue found between vertebrae that can bulge or rupture, compressing nearby nerves and causing pain |
| laminectomy | the removal of a portion of a vertebra called the lamina, performed for a variety of possible reasons, for example to relieve pressure on spinal nerve roots |
| nerve release | the surgical freeing of a compressed nerve, for example in carpal tunnel release surgery to treat carpal tunnel syndrome |
| spinal fusion | the surgical joining of two or more adjacent vertebrae to treat spinal deformities or abnormal spinal mobility that is causing pain |
| antibiotic | a drug that is able to kill bacteria or halt its growth |
| aspirin | a drug with anti-inflammatory and blood-thinning effects used for a variety of purposes, including reducing pain and fever, as well as preventing blood clots |
| blood thinner | a drug that reduces the tendency of blood to form clots |
| thiamine | a water-soluble B vitamin that, when deficient, can lead to a variety of neurological problems |
| cholinesterase inhibitor | a drug commonly used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s and other diseases, it prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine, a signaling molecule |
| levodopa | a drug commonly used to treat Parkinson’s disease, it works by increasing levels of dopamine, a signaling molecule |
| phenytoin | a drug commonly used to treat epilepsy, it works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain |
| ergotamine | a drug commonly used to treat migraines, it acts by causing dilated (enlarged) blood vessels to constrict (become smaller) |
| triptans | a class of drugs commonly used to treat migraines, they work by causing dilated (enlarged) blood vessels to constrict (become smaller) |
Created by:
rleroux
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