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Body Sys1 - Digestiv
Medical Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| gastrointestinal (GI) tract | main human digestive tract that runs throughout the body (also known as the alimentary canal or gut) |
| alimentary canal | main human digestive tract that runs throughout the body, also known as the gastrointestinal tract |
| accessory digestive organs | components of the digestive system supporting the alimentary canal that runs throughout the body |
| peptic | pertaining to digestion |
| periodontist | specialist in the tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth |
| teeth | bone structures that assist with the mechanical breakdown of food |
| tongue | organ that helps move food into the digestive tract |
| salivary glands | glands that produce saliva secreted to begin food breakdown |
| esophagus | digestive organ that transports food to the stomach |
| stomach | organ that begins the breakdown of food by mixing it with digestive juices |
| small intestine | digestive organ where most nutrient absorption takes place |
| pancreas | organ that secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine |
| liver | organ that produces bile secreted for fat digestion |
| gallbladder | digestive organ that stores bile for release into the small intestine |
| large intestine | digestive organ that absorbs water and prepares waste for elimination from the body |
| anus | organ that controls human solid waste excretion |
| gastroesophageal sphincter | ring of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach |
| pyloric sphincter | ring of muscle between the stomach and the small intestine that controls emptying of the stomach |
| gastrin | hormone released when partially digested food enters the stomach |
| serotonin | hormone released by stomach mucosal cells to encourage smooth muscle contraction |
| bolus | compact, rounded mass of food particles |
| chyme | consumed food churned and mixed into a creamy substance by the digestive system |
| pancreatic juices | liquid secreted by the pancreas to break down various food products in the small intestine |
| bile | yellowish-green alkaline solution that helps break down fat |
| duodenum | top section of the small intestine where bile from the liver enters |
| gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) | duodenum of the small intestine in response to the presence of glucose, fatty acids, and protein particles |
| jejunum | midsection of the small intestine |
| ileum | bottom section of the small intestine |
| ingestion | food intake through the mouth and into the digestive tract |
| mechanical digestion | the chewing, mixing, and churning of food materials in the human body, beginning in the mouth (via mashing with the tongue) and continuing in the stomach |
| chemical digestion | the breakdown of food particles into chemical building blocks by enzymes in the alimentary canal |
| absorption | assimilation of digested food products into the blood or lymph, mainly in the small intestine |
| active transport | the use of energy by absorptive cells to carry nutrients from one side of the membrane to the other, where they are deposited into capillaries |
| propulsion | movement of food through the alimentary canal through alternating waves of smooth muscle contractions |
| peristalsis | alternating waves of smooth muscle contractions |
| defecation | the process of eliminating indigestible substances from the body |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines |
| colitis | inflammation of the colon |
| acid reflux | the condition in which the acidic contents of the stomach bubble up slightly into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation |
| heartburn | a condition in which a person feels burning in the chest |
Created by:
rleroux
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