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Anat Phis Phys Terms
Medical Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atoms | are the building blocks of molecules |
| subatomic particles | are particles that are smaller than the atom, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. |
| electron | is a negatively charged subatomic particle. |
| neutron | is a subatomic particle that is electrically neutral |
| proton | is a positively charged subatomic particle, the number of which determine the type of element the atom is. |
| molecule | is two or more atoms joined together by sharing electrons. |
| biomolecules | are molecules that make up living tissue, mostly made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| amino acids | are organic compounds that are the building blocks of proteins |
| carbohydrate | is a biological dietary compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that provides energy for the body |
| lipids | are hydrophobic molecules that store energy and act as structural modules of cell membranes. |
| Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | transmits the information encoded in DNA to other organelles. |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | encodes the genetic material of the cell. |
| chromatin | is a combination of DNA and proteins that come together to make up chromosomes before cell division. |
| Nucleic acid | is the molecular unit of polymers, such as DNA and RNA, that transmits genetic information. |
| physiology | is the branch of biology that deals with the functioning of living organisms |
| neurophysiology | is the study of the function of the nervous system |
| receptor | is a molecule that receives and transmits a signal. |
| effector | is a muscle, organ, or gland that responds to stimulus on a nerve impulse. |
| membrane transport | is the movement of molecules across a membrane barrier. |
| osmosis | is the tendency of molecules to diffuse across a membrane, causing equal concentrations on both sides of the membrane |
| diffusion | is the passive movement of different types of molecules that achieves an equal concentration after being randomly distributed |
| hydrophilic | describes water-loving or water-soluble molecules, such as proteins or carbohydrates, that form hydrogen bonds with water. |
| hydrophobic | describes water-hating or water-insoluble molecules, such as fats and lipids, that cannot form hydrogen bonds |
| homeostasis | is the ability or tendency of an organism to stabilize its internal environment |
| homeostatic imbalance | is a disturbance in equilibrium due to a disruption in the external environment. |
| homeostatic regulation | is the process that maintains physiological equilibrium that is controlled through the nervous and endocrine systems. |
| negative feedback | is a response in the opposite direction of a disruption that can support homeostasis. |
| positive feedback | is the amplification and stimulation of a response to an external signal. |
| cell | is the structural and functional unit of living organisms; it is membrane-bound and self-replicating. |
| organelle | is a membrane-bound structure in the cell, such as a mitochondrion, a lysosome, or the nucleus, that performs a specific function. |
| nucleus | is the organelle that contains the cell's genetic material |
| nucleoli | are structures within the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are created |
| nuclear envelope | is a double-layer membrane surrounding the contents of the nucleus. |
| cytoplasm | is fluid material that gives support to the cell and can be found between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. |
| mitochondrion | is the organelle that processes fats and carbohydrates to release energy |
| lysosomes | are organelles that break down waste material in the cell. |
| peroxisomes | are organelles that break down cell components and protect cells from toxic materials |
| plasma membrane | is the outer envelope of the cell that acts as a barrier to the external environment, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and waste to leave the cell |
| ribosomes | are molecular machines that decode RNA into proteins built from amino acids |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | is an organelle that works with ribosomes to support protein assembly and transports proteins to other sites in the cell. |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | is an organelle that helps fold, modify, and transport new proteins to other sites in the cell. |
| Golgi apparatus | is an organelle that processes proteins to export them from the cell or to release them into parts of the body |
Created by:
rleroux
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