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Quality Analysis
Healthcare
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Numerator | Top number when completing a division problem |
| Denominator | Bottom number when completing a division problem |
| Newborn Deaths | Are always counted in compute death rate except if infant died before delivery. This is call fetal death instead |
| Temporary Beds | Don't count in a hospital bed count |
| Bar Graphs | Used to display discrete categories, such as gender of respondents or health insurance respondents |
| Intensity of care | Represents the level of service provided while an inpatient |
| Severity of Illness | Relates to how sick the patient is (in their body) |
| Benchmarking | Reviewing, researching, and comparing practices to that of other hospitals. A systematic comparison. |
| Sentinel Event | Cause of death or serious injury. An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof. |
| Subjective | Can vary from person to person like an opinion. |
| Nosocomial infection | The infection originated from the hospital |
| Flowcharting | To sketch out a process and determine where bottlenecks or errors may be happening |
| Intra-hospital | Inside the hospital |
| Inter-hospital | From one hospital to another |
| National Practitioner Data Bank | Tracks all the major actions on physician licensures and sanctions nationwide |
| Survey Results | Is data |
| Survey Questions | Write from general to specific (Correct order) |
| Incident Reports | Also called occurrence reports and are used to document medication errors. falls etc. |
| Risk Management | Methods used to assure patient safety, reduce lawsuits, and decrease risks |
| Histogram | A bar graph used to display data proportionally |
| Root-cause analysis | Analysis of a sentinel event from all aspects (human, procedural, machinery, and material) to identify how each contributed to the occurrence of the event and to develop new systems that will prevent recurrence. |
| Story Board | A computer based presentation that allows the team to summarize the entire PI project |
| Risk Planning | Not part of risk management |
| Deemed Status | When a hospital has Joint commission accreditation |
| Licensure | Granted by states |
| Total quality management (TQM) | A management philosophy developed in the mid-20th century by W. Edwards Deming (1986) and others who encouraged industrial organizations to focus on the quality of their products as their paramount mission. |
| Utilization review (UR): | The process of determining whether the medical care provided to a specific patient is necessary according to pre-established objective screening criteria at time frames specified in the organization’s utilization management plan. |
| Rate | Something that happens or happened within a group |
| Mean | Is an average |
| Median | Is the middle number 46, 48, 49, 50, 50, 51 The median is 50 |
| Mode | The number that happens most often 46, 48, 49, 50, 50, 51 The mode is 50 |
| Incidence Rate | Is the rate of new cases of something that we have in a period of time e.g. 10 new cases of flu in a population of 1000. Incidence rate is 10 cases per 1000 population |
| Prevalence rate | Is how many people have the disease at one point. 10 new cases of the flu from 1000 people but 20 people still had the flu. Prevalence= 30 cases per 1000 population |
| Inpatient Census | The number of people in the hospital at a particular time. Usually at midnight but not always |
| LOS: length of stay | The number of days a patient was hospitalized. (Don't count discharge date) |
| Average length of stay | 20 patients stayed 100 days ALOS=100 days/20 patients |
| Ratio | Class of 30 students 20 are boys and 10 are girls which is 20 to 10 and should be reduced to 2 to 1 (Reducing fractions) |
| Blitz Team | Is only used for simple fixes not complex |
| PI Team | Leader, member, secretary, facilitator, |
| Agenda | Lists the tasks that should be accomplished during the meeting |
| Performance Improvement | Is a cyclical process and must be continuous to be successful |
| Data | Raw facts and figures that are meaningless by themselves |
| Information | Data presented in a meaningful way |
| Nominal data | Phone number, social security number, zip code |
| Ordinal data | Refers to order or rank, represents a specified position in a numbered series, grouping into low, middle, high |
| Check sheet | Used to gather data based on ample observations to detect patterns |
| Pareto chart | Is a kind of bar graph that uses data to determine priorities in problem solving |
| Pie Charts | Is used to show the relationship of each part to the whole, in other words, how each part contributes to the total product or process. |
| Pivot Table | Are an excellent Excel tool to summarize data according to categories [as they can be done manually using a check sheet |
| Line Charts | Is a simple plotted chart of data that shows the progress of a process over time. By analyzing the chart, the PI team can identify trends, shifts, or changes in a process over time |
| Control Chart | Can be used to measure key processes over time |
| Structured brainstorming | The leader solicits input from team members by going around the table or room |
| Unstructured brainstorming | Members of the team offer ideas as they come to mind |
| Affinity diagrams | Is used to organize and prioritize ideas after the initial brainstorming session. This type of diagram is useful when the team generates a large amount of information |
| Nominal group technique | Gives each member of the team an opportunity to select the most important ideas from the affinity diagram. |
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