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DHO Chapter 14
Infection Control
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | A disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). |
| Aerobic | Chemical reactions that require the presence of oxygen |
| Airborne Precautions | procedures used to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens |
| Aneaerobic | oxygen is NOT required |
| Antisepsis | Removal of pathogens from living tissue |
| Autoclave | instrument for sterilization by means moist heat under pressure |
| Bacteria | one-celled microorganisms, some of which are beneficial and some of which cause disease |
| Bioterrorism | the use of biological and chemical weapons in terrorist attacks |
| Causative Agent | pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus |
| Cavitation | The cleaning process employed in an ultrasonic unit; bubbles explode to drive cleaning solution onto article being cleaned |
| Chain of Infection | factors that lead to the transmission or spread of disease |
| Chemical Disenfection | destroys pathogenic organs |
| Clean | free from dirt or impurities |
| Communicable Disease | a disease that can be communicated from one person to another |
| Contact Precautions | practices used to prevent spread of disease by direct or indirect contact |
| Contamination | the act of introducing disease germs or infectious material into an area or substance |
| Disinfection | Process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores |
| Droplet Precautions | used when the disease-causing microorganism does not stay suspended in the air and travels only short distances after being expelled. |
| Endogenous | derived or originating internally |
| Epidemic | outbreak of a rapidly spreading disease |
| Exogenous | derived or originating externally |
| formites | any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying ingectious organisms (such as germs or parasites) |
| Fungi | group of simple, plantlike animals that live on dead organic matter |
| Helminths | parasitic worms |
| Hepatitis B | inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids |
| Hepatitis C | inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is transmitted by exposure to infected blood; this strain is rarely contracted sexually |
| Microorganism | any organism of microscopic size |
| Mode Of Transmission | way that the causative agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host where it can live |
| Non Pathogens | do not cause diseases |
| Nosocomial | hospital acquired infections |
| Opportunistic | infections that occur when the body's defenses are weak |
| Pandemic | epidemic over a wide geographical area |
| Pathogens | Microbes that cause disease |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Those items of protection worn to minimize exposure to hazards; those items worn by the embalmer to avoid contact with blood and other body fluids. |
| Portal of Entry | a pathway by which the caustive agent enters the host |
| Portal of exit | a way for the causative agent to be released from the reservoir |
| Protective (reverse) Isolation | Refers to methods used to protect certain patients from organisms present in the environment. |
| Protozoa | These are one-celled animal-like organisms often found in decayed materials animal or bird feces, insect bites and contaminated water. |
| Resrvoir | An area where bacateria can live. |
| Rickettsiae | Parasitic microorganisms that live on other living organisms |
| Standard Percautions | infection control measures the are barriers to prevent contact between skin or mucous membranes. (hand hygiene, gloves, gowns, face protection, sharp disposal, respiratory hygiene) |
| Sterile | free of or using methods to keep free of pathological microorganisms |
| Sterile Field | A work area free of all pathogens and non-pathogens (including spores) |
| Sterilization | the procedure of making some object free of live bacteria or other microorganisms (usually by heat or chemical means) |
| Susceptible Host | A person likely to get an infection or disease. |
| Transmission- Based Isoaltion Percautions | people who is infected or has been infected |
| Ultrasonic | piece of equipment that cleans with sound waves |
| Viruses | tiny particles, smaller than bacteria and other pathogens, which must invade living cells in order to reproduce; when they invade, the cells are damaged or destroyed in the process releasing new particles to infect other cells |
Created by:
mrsdancona
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