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Substances
Substances Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Drug | Any substance, other than food, that changes the structure or function of the body |
| Medicine | A substance, either prescription or OTC that changes the structure or function of the body; prevent diseases, cure diseases, maintain health |
| Addiction | Synonym for dependence |
| Dependence | The brain developing a chemical need for a drug and cannot function normally without it |
| Physical Dependence | A drug user's body requiring the drug to function |
| Psychological Dependence | A drug user considering the drug as a regular,essential part of coping with daily life |
| Withdrawal | A group of symptoms that occur when a dependent person stops taking a drug. Can last from three to seven days and include shakiness, sleep problems, irritability, etc. |
| Tolerance | With repeated use of a drug, its effects in the brain become reduced. This causes a drug user's body to need increasingly larger amounts of it to achieve the original effect |
| Synergistic | Occurs when drugs interact to produce effects greater than those that each drug would produce alone |
| Antagonistic | Occurs when each drug's effect is canceled out or reduced by the other. Neither drug has the predicted effect |
| Drug use | Using drugs correctly for medical purposes such as to prevent diseases, cure diseases, or to maintain health |
| Drug misuse | The improper use of medicines- either prescription or over-the-counter drugs. ex: taking too much of the prescribed amount of a drug, not taking medicine for the correct period of time, ect. |
| Drug abuse | When a drug is intentionally used improperly or unsafely. ex: a person is abusing prescription painkillers if he or she takes them to cause a "high" |
| Prescription drugs | A drug that can be obtained only with a written order from a doctor and can be purchased only at a pharmacy |
| Over-the-counter (OTC) Drugs | A medicine that is sold legally in pharmacies and other stores without a doctor's prescription. ex: aspirin, cold and cough remedies, and some sleep aids |
| Stimulants | Drugs that speeds up activities of the central nervous system. They increase heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and alertness |
| Depressants | A psychoactive drug that slows brain and body reactions. They slow body functions by decreasing heart and breathing rates and lowering blood pressure |
| Hallucinogens | A drug that distorts perception, thought, and mood. They overload the brain with sensory information, causing a distorted sense of reality. They are illegal and have no medical use |
| Club Drugs | Got their name from the fact that they first gained popularity at dance clubs and raves. The strength and quality of them is highly unpredictable because their effects are different from person to person and are very dangerous |
| Inhalants | A breathable chemical vapor that produces mind-altering effects |
| Steroids | Artificial forms of the male hormone testosterone that increase muscle size and strength |
| Marijuana | The leaves, stems, and flowering tops of the hemp plant. It is also called "pot", "dope", "weed", or "grass". Usually smoke or mixed with food and eaten |
| Gateway Drug | Typically marijuana is a ________ to using other "harder" drugs |
| Analgesic | A pain reliever |
| Zero Tolerance Law | A policy that enforces strict consequences for underage drinking |
| Reverse Tolerance | A condition in which less and less of a drug causes intoxication |
| Intoxication | The state in which a person's mental and physical abilities are impaired by a substance |
| BAC | The amount of alcohol in a person's blood, expressed as a percentage. The legal percent in Illinois for 21+ is .08% |
| Fetal alcohol syndrome | A group of birth defects caused by the effects of alcohol on an unborn child |
| FDA | Inspects, tests, and assesses the safety of food, drugs, and a variety of consumer goods |
| Tar | The dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns. Is a mixture of hundreds of chemicals |
| Nicotine | A chemical produced naturally by tobacco plants as an insecticide to protect the plants' leaves from insects. It is also a very addictive chemical in tobacco products |
| Carbon Monoxide | An odorless, poisonous gas released when substances- including tobacco- are burned |
| Second hand Smoke | The combination of mainstream and sidestream smoke. Also known as environmental tobacco smoke. It is inhaled by everyone near the smoker |
| Sidestream Smoke | Smoke that goes into the air directly from the cigarettes. Contains twice as much tar and nicotine as mainstream smoke |
| Mainstream Smoke | Exhaled from a smoker's lungers |
| Emphysema | A disorder in which alveoli in the lungs can no longer function properly. Tobacco smoke can cause this |
| Bronchitis | An infection that causes the mucous membranes lining the bronchi to become inflamed. The inflamed membranes secrete a large amount of thick mucus that must be removed by coughing |
| Cirrhosis | When fat-filled liver cells die, leaving behind useless scar tissue. Can be a result of heavy drinking and may lead to liver failure and death |
| BAL | Very similar to BAC. Measures the amount of alcohol in the blood. |
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isasgarbossa
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