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substances
substances vocab
Term | Definition |
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Drug | Any substance, other than food, that changes the structure or function of the body. |
medicine | a compound or preparation used for the treatment or prevention of disease, especially a drug or drugs taken by mouth. |
physical dependence | a physiological state of adaptation to a substance, the absence of which produces symptoms and signs of withdrawal. |
psychological dependence | involves emotional–motivational withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of drug use or engagement in certain behaviors. |
withdrawal | Physical and mental symptoms that occur after stopping or reducing intake of a drug. |
tolerance | a person's diminished response to a drug, which occurs when the drug is used repeatedly and the body adapts to the continued presence of the drug. |
synergistic | used to describe the effect of drugs working together — where one drug increases the other's effectiveness. |
antagonistic | A substance that acts against and blocks an action. |
drug use | a person who takes drugs |
drug misuse | the use of a drug for purposes for which it was not intended or using a drug in excessive quantities. |
drug abuse | the habitual taking of addictive or illegal drugs. |
prescription drugs | a pharmaceutical drug that legally requires a medical prescription to be dispensed. |
OTC drugs | can be obtained without a prescription. |
stimulants | psychoactive drugs that induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical functions or both. |
depressants | having the quality of depressing or lowering the vital activities |
hallucinogens | overload the brain with sensory info and is mind addicting |
club drugs | actions and effects are different person to person and is mind and body addicting |
inhalants | chemical vapors replace oxygen and can stimulate the heart or depress brain function |
steroids | used to relieve swelling and inflammation, such as prednisone and cortisone; vitamin D; and some sex hormones, such as testosterone and estradiol. |
marijuana | changes the way information reaches and is acted upon the brain |
gateway drug | a habit-forming drug that, while not itself addictive, may lead to the use of other addictive drugs. |
analgesic | any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain |
zero tolerance law | A law, policy, or practice that provides for the imposition of severe penalties for a proscribed offense or behavior without making exceptions for extenuating circumstances. |
reverse tolerance | the phenomenon of a reversal of the side-effects from a drug, the reduction of insensitivity caused after drug tolerance has been established |
intoxication | the state of being intoxicated |
BAC/BAL | The amount of alcohol in a person's blood, expressed as a percentage |
% in IL | .08% |
fetal alcohol syndrome | Physical and mental damage in a child due to alcohol exposure while in the womb. |
FDA | a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments. |
tar | A solid, sticky substance that remains when tobacco is burned. It accumulates in the lungs of smokers and is considered carcinogenic. |
nicotine | An alkaloid made by the tobacco plant or produced synthetically. |
carbon monoxide | a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to hemoglobic animals when encountered in concentrations above about 35 ppm |
second hand smoke | smoke inhaled involuntarily from tobacco being smoked by others. |
sidestream smoke | smoke that passes from a cigarette into the surrounding air, rather than into the smoker's lungs. |
mainstream smoke | Smoke released by a burning tobacco product and directly inhaled by the smoker. |
emphysema | a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness. |
bronchitis | Inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs. |
cirrhosis | Chronic liver damage from a variety of causes leading to scarring and liver failure. |