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Mitosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prokaryotes | -reproduce by binary fisson -just one parent, mother bacteria -produce two daughter cells |
| Somatic | non-reproductive cells, divides through process of mitosis |
| Gametic | reproductive cells, undergo mitosis then utilize a second process called meiosis |
| Interphase | the time between cell division when they perform normal functions |
| Chromatin | consists of long strands of DNA wrapped around a cluster of proteins called a histone |
| Human cells | have 46 chromosomes 23 from mom and 23 from dad |
| Interphase | has G1, S, G2 DNA duplicating |
| Mitosis | nucleus physically dividing into two, each containing an exact copy of the original DNA |
| Prophase | DNA begins to condense, forming chromosomes, nucleolus disappears and spindle fibers are formed by centrioles attached to the centromeres |
| Metaphase | -chromosomes moved and align themselves in a narrow central zone in the cell -chromosomes can't move independently -network or protein microtubules called spindle apparatus |
| Anaphase | -begins with the centromere of each chromatid pair splits -daughter chromosomes pull towards opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers |
| Telophase | nuclear membranes form around the daughter chromosomes, DNA returns to its uncoiled chromatin, nucleolus starts to become visible |
| Cytokinesis | -causes a shadow indentation across the cell membrane called a cleavage furrow in animal cells -starts a process that ends with daughter cells separating in plant cells |
| Growth Factors | proteins secreted by body cells that stimulate other cells to divide |
| Density-Dependent Inhibition | where they stop dividing when conditions become to crowded |
| Anchorage Dependence | cells need to be contacted with a solid surface before it divides |
| Cancer Cells | form large masses |
| Benign | doesn't spread |
| Malignant | spreads |
| In multicellular organisms | mitosis is used for tissue growth, regeneration and repair |
| In unicellular organsims | mitosis is the primary form of reproduction |
| Asexual Reproduction | one parent |
| Sexual Reproduction | two parents fusion of 2 sex cells; 1 from each parent |
| Spermatogensis | -male gametes,sperm, begins as stem cells in the testes -produce two daughter cells -1 will stay and the other 1 will migrate towards the epididymis -gametes are given the diploid notation (46) |
| Meiosis | -end product is haploid (23) -has two parts |
| Crossing Over | -chromosomes cross over -unique phenomenon |
| Oogenesis | -the ovaries produce eggs, cytoplasms is only in 1 out of 4 daughter cells -the rest are called polar bodies |
Created by:
Madison1998
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