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HSO107 pt 4
HSO107
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the biological determinants of health? | They are diverse and compare factors with another. They drive, mediate, or moderate pathways towards health or disease. |
| What are the biological determinants of health? | - Genes - Sex - Race & ethnicity - Age |
| Define modifiable in terms of the BDOH: | May be altered through environmental influences. |
| Define non-modifiable in terms of the BDOH: | Genetically inherited: - sex - race - history |
| What is a genotype? | - genetic expression at a molecular level, - made up of alleles (eg. Y, y or A, a) - Capital means dominant, lower case means recessive |
| What is a phenotype? | - the physical expression or characteristic of a genotype - i.e. y = white fur Y = yellow fur, b = blue eyes, B = brown eyes - e.g. an animal with the genotype Yybb will have yellow fur and blue eyes |
| What is sickle cell anaemia? | It is a homozygous gene abnormality, meaning both parents must have both of the same gene allele for the sickle cell gene. sickle cell = wrong amino accid on haemoglobin subunity (b-globin) = chronic anaemia |
| What are some examples of multigene diseases? | - CVD - Diabetes - Some cancers - Arthritis - Mental illness |
| What determine multigene diseases? | - dozens/hundreds of key genes determine its presence in individuals |
| What does the gene-environment interaction do? | - jointly influence health |
| How do genes react under different conditions? | - genetic influences play out differently depending on the condition |
| What are some physiological risk factors? | - high blood pressure - high cholesterol - release of stress hormone - altered levels of biochemical markers - genetic factors |
| What are some protective factors that influence health and wellbeing? | - decreased substance use - regular exercise - balanced diet - positive mental health - safe sexual activity |
| Relating to physiology and function what is a sex? | - causes differences in resistance to disease - differences in biochemical and hormonal secretions |
| Relating to body structure, composition and function, what is a sex? | - sex organs are sites of common cancers - storage of adipose tissue |
| How do gender and sex differ? | - gender is socially constructed whilst sex is biologically constructed |
| What is hegemonic masculinity? | - refers to idea that it is culturally normative of males to adopt a model of intense masculinity - it can be counter productive eg. encourage risk taking behaviour |
| What do interracial relationships influence genetic/cultral wise? | - affect risk of disease either positively or negatively |
| How do the BDOH influence the SDOH? | - They provide a holistic view by contributing to the understanding of SDOH |
| What are genes? | - They are comprised of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). - The human genome has 30 000 bases - We have 22 pairs of autosomal (somatic) and 2 pairs of sex chromosomes. - We inherit one sex chromosome from mother and father |
| What are genes? (Cont.) | - They code for all proteins in our body |
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