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Chapter 46
Question | Answer |
---|---|
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE Etiology/pathophysiology | • Backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus |
GERD Clinical manifestations/assessment | Heartburn (pyrosis) 20 min to 2 hours after eating • Regurgitation • Dysphagia or odynophagia • Eructation |
GERD Diagnostic tests | Esophageal motility and Bernstein tests • Barium swallow • Endoscopy |
Gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers | Ulcerations of the mucous membrane or deeper structures of the GI tract Most commonly occur in the stomach and duodenum Result of acid and pepsin imbalances |
H. pylori | Bacterium found in 70% of patients with gastric ulcers and 95% of patients with duodenal ulcers |
Gastric ulcers Etiology/pathophysiology | Gastric mucosa are damaged, acid is secreted, mucosal erosion occurs, and an ulcer develops |
Duodenal ulcers (continued) Etiology/pathophysiology | Excessive production or release of gastrin, increased sensitivity to gastrin, or decreased ability to buffer the acid secretions |