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Nurs 1500 #1
Test # 1 Review Nurse Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems. | Nurse |
| a state of physical, mental, social well-being. Not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. | Health |
| the subjective experience of health versus health as the objective experience. | wellness |
| an objective state of ill health | disease |
| integration of biological, psychological and social elements. | bio psychosocial |
| state which the person constantly adapts to changes in the internal and external environments | homeostasis |
| activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition help clients maintain or enhance their present levels of health | health promotion |
| Activities that motivate people to avoid decline in health or functional levels | disease prevention |
| is true prevention, precedes disease ie. immunization | primary prevention |
| promotes early detection of disease ie. Screening | secondary prevention |
| minimizing effects of illness or disability ie. Rehabilitation | tertiary prevention |
| Physiological- breathing, food, sleep, homeostasis | Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - 1 |
| Safety- security of employment, family, health | Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - 2 |
| Love/Belonging- friendship, family, sexual intimacy | Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - 3 |
| Esteem- self esteem, confidence, achievement, respect | Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - 4 |
| Self Actualization- morality, creativity, spontaneity, lack of prejudice | Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - 5 |
| Individual strive for independence and are complex whole made of fundamental needs. Inability to meet needs as a result of : lack of strength, will or knowledge. 14 fundamental needs. 1st lady of nursing. | Virginia Henderson |
| 1. Person- recipients of nursing care 2. Environment- factors that affect individuals internally and externally 3. Health- State of well being 4. Nursing- what nursing is, what nurses do and how nurses interact with clients | Metaparadigm |
| First nursing theorist, inspired by nursing practice. Clean patient areas: fresh air and light were important factors to promote health and healing. | Florence Nightingale |
| judgements or conclusions that may or may not be correct | Inferences |
| specific clues that lead to a general conclusion | Inductive reasoning |
| premise obtainer primarily from knowledge and experience | deductive reasonin |
| North American Nursing Diagnosis Association Developed a list of common client problems addressed by practicing nurses | NANDA |
| identify, diagnose and treat human responses to health & illnesses. Assessment, Diagnose, Plan, Intervention, Evaluate | Nursing Process |
| collecting, verifying and analyzing client data -Data Collection -Data Validation -Data Clustering -Interpretation of Data | Assessment |
| Orientation phase- introduce yourself, describe position and explain purpose of interview Working phase- gather info about clients health status Termination phase- give client a cue that interview coming to an end, summarize points and ask client if sum | Phases of an interview |
| S- Specific M-Measurable A-Attain R-Relevant T-Time Bound | SMART |
| measurements of a clients health status observed or measured | Objective Data |
| verbal description from client | Subjective Data |
| Identification of a disease or condition on the basis of specific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, medical history ad results of diagnostic tests | Medical Diagnosis |
| describes level or wellness in an individual, family or community that can be enhanced | Nurse Diagnosis |
| 1. Diagnostic Label (NANDA) 2. Statement of a related factor 3. Secondary to 4. As evidenced by/manifested by (signs and symptoms) | Nursing Diagnosis |
| 1.Diagnostic label NANDA followed by 2.Statement of a related factor (NO evidenced by or as manifested,identifying a basic self-care tasks) Could have a secondary. | Risk diagnosis |
| react to new situations by using learning mechanism we already possess | assimilation |
| thinking process matures to allow us to solve problems (new knowledge | accomodation |
| coping ability (handle demands from the world around us) | adaptation |
| development presents a progression of mental abilities which people learn to think, reason and use language, Development includes 3 abilities:3A | cognitive theory |
| scoliosis (curved spine) | congenital defects |
| osteoporosis (progressive bone disease) | disorders of joints, bones, muscles |
| parkinsons disease ( degenerative disorder of the central nervous system) | central nervous system damage |
| fractures many pathological conditions affect body alignment & movement hence the capacity for exercise and activity (a break in the continuity of the bone) | muscoskeletal traum |
| continuous passive movement machines (passive do for client, active client does on own) | CPM |
| Manner or style of walking, including rhythm, cadence, and speed. | Gait |
| achieved when relatively low centre of gravity is balanced of a wide, stable base of support | balance |
| awareness of the position of body in relation to its parts | proprioception |
| muscles are involved with joint stabilization (permit person to sit upright) | antigravity |
| muscles contract to accomplish the same movement | synergestic |
| Increased muscle tension without muscle shortening. Tightening muscle and holding in a stationary position ie. Footboard of bed | Isometric Contraction |
| Increased muscle tension resulting in muscle contraction and muscle shortage. Changes in muscle strength | Isotonic Contraction |
| Before initial patient/patient environment contact | 4 moments of hand hygiene-1 |
| Before aseptic procedure | 4 moments of hand hygiene-2 |
| After Body Fluid Exposure Risk | 4 moments of hand hygiene-3 |
| After patient/patient environment contact | 4 moments of hand hygiene-4 |
| The ability of an infectious microbe to cause disease | virulence |
| healthcare acquired infections | Nosocomial |
| • Tier two: airborne, droplet, contact • Psychological implications • Environment • Equipment • Specimen collection • Bagging waste or linen • Transporting clients | Isolation Precautions |
| • Hospital acquired infection • Community acquired infection • Exogenous • Endogenous | Health Care Associated Infection |
| • Normal Flora • Body defense mechanism • Inflammation • Vascular and cellular responses • Inflammatory exudate • Tissue repair | Defense against infection |
| • Incubation period • Prodromal (early symptom of disease) • Illness stage • Convalescence | Infection process |
| • Contact: direct, indirect, droplet • Air • Vehicles • Vector (mosquitos) | Modes of Transmision |
| • Body openings: mouth, nose, rectal • Breaks in skin • Breaks in mucous membrane: skin in mouth, eyes, nose | Portal Exit |
| • Food • Oxygen • Water • Temperature • pH • Minimal Light | Reservoir |
| • Number • Virulence • Entry and survival in host • Susceptibility of host | Infectious Agent |
| • Infectious agent or pathogen • Reservoir or source for pathogen growth • Portal of Exit • Mode of Transmission • Portal of Entry • Susceptible host | Chain of Infection |
| infections process transmitted from one person to another | communicable disease |
| From a socioenviromental perspective, the major determinants of health are | psychosocial risk factors and socioeniromental risk conditions |
| comparison of data with another source to determine accuracy | data validation |
| recognizing patterns or trends in clustered data, comparing with standards, then establishing a reasoned conclusion | data analysis |
| Types of diagnoses | actual, at risk and wellness |
| organizes cues into patterns that enable the nurse to identify nursing diagnoses | data clustering |
| 5 strategies for health 1. build healthy public policy 2. create supportive environments strengthen community action 4. develop personal skills 5.reorient health services | ottawa charter |
| 3 major health challenges. reduce inequities, increase prevention, enhance coping mechanisms | epp report |
| first modern government document in western world to broadly define determinants of health as a lifestyle | lalonde report |
| emphasizes use of epidemiological data to determine etiology of health and disease. ie. social income, social status, physical environments | 12 SOCIAL DETERMANENTS OF HEALTH/STRATEGIES FOR POPULATION HEALTH |
| health problems are defined as physiological risk factors; focus on disease | medical approach |
| places responsibility for health on the individual and favours health promotion strategies such as education and social marketing | behavioural approach |
| health is closely tied to social structures such as poverty, unhealthy physical and social environments | socioenviromental |
| The interval when a patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to a type of infection is the | illness stage |
| invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body | infection |
| bring about movement at the joint | antagonistic muscles |
| increased muscle contraction causes muscle shortening, resulting in movement. | concentric tensions |
| helps to control the speed and direction of movement as the muscle lengthens | eccentric tensions |
| weakness on one side of the body | hemiparesis |
| physical force- the resistance encountered during the act of rubbing oe object against another | friction |
| body language provides information about | state of mind |
| postural abnormalities, impaired muscle development, cns damage, musculoskeletal trauma | pathological influence on mobility |
| HOB 45-60 degrees, knees slightly elevated without pressure | supported fowlers position |
| HOB 30 degrees, knees slightly elevated without pressure | semi fowlers position |
| back lying position | supine |
| lying chest down, head to the side | prone |
| lateral, resting on side with major portion of weight on dependent hip or shoulder | side lying |
| weight placed on anterior ilium, humerus and clavicle, arm behind | sims |
| Rescue Activate Alarm Confine Fire Extinguish Fire | RACE |
| Interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms | Incubation Period |
| Interval from onset of non specific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms | Prodromal stage |
| Interval when client manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of infection | Illness Stage |
| Interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear | Convalescence |
Created by:
bfergie
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