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Digestive System
Structures and thier functions, Conditions and Treatments
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mouth | begins preparation of food for digestion |
| pharynx | transports food from the mouth to the esophagus |
| esophagus | transports food from the pharynx to the stomach |
| stomach | breaks down food and mixes it with digestive juices |
| small intestine | completes digestion and absorption of most nutrients |
| large intestine | absorbs excess water and prepares solid waste |
| rectum and anus | control the excretion of solid waste |
| liver | secretes bile and enzymes to aid in the digestion of fats |
| gallbladder | stores bile and releases it to the small intestine as needed |
| pancreas | secretes digestive juices and enzymes into small intestine as needed. |
| gastrointestinal tract | structures of the digestive system |
| upper GI | area made up of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach |
| lower GI | area made up of the small and large intestines plus the rectum, and anus |
| periodontium | consists of the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth |
| temporomandibular joint | where the maxillary and mandibular arches come together at the back of the mouth |
| duodenum | first portion of the small intestine, extending from the pylorus to the jejunum |
| jejunum | middle portion of the small intestine, extending from the duodenum to the ileum |
| ileum | last and longest portion of the small intestine, extending from the jejunum to the cecum of the large intestine |
| cecum | pouch that lies on the right side of the abdomen, extending from the end of the ileum to the beginning of the colon |
| biliary tree | provides channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine |
| cleft palate | failure of the palate to close during the early development of the fetus |
| oral thrush | caused by Candida Albicans fungus |
| halitosis | bad breath |
| temporomandibular disorder | symptoms include pain, headache, and / or difficulty chewing |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | involves the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus |
| hiatal hernia | portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphram |
| bulimia nervosa | eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as induced vomiting or misuse of laxitives |
| morbid obesity | when a person weighs 2 or 3 times more than their ideal weight. BMI above 39 |
| diverticulitits | inflammation of diverticula in colon |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation |
| Crohn's Disease | chronic autoimmune disorder most often found in the ileum and colon |
| hepatitis | includes 5 viral varieties causing inflammation of the liver |
| cirrhosis | degenerative disease of the liver that is often caused by excessive alcohol use |
| jaundice | high levels of bilirubin in the blood cause yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes |
Created by:
tina.reynolds
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