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Chapters 13-17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abortion | Induced premature termination of a pregnancy |
| Birth control | All the methods and procedures that can prevent the birth of a child |
| Blastocyst | Early stage of the developing life form that embeds itself into the endometrial linin of the uterus |
| Calendar method | A form of periodic abstinence in which the variable lengths of a woman's menstrual cycle are used to calculate her fertile period |
| Cesarean delivery | Surgical removal of a fetus through the abdominal wall |
| Condom | A shield designed to cover the erect penis and retain semen ejaculation; "rubber" |
| Contraception | Any method or procedure that prevents fertilization |
| Contraceptive patch | Contraceptive skin patch containing estrogen and progestin; replaced each week for a three week period |
| Contraceptive ring | A thin, polymer contraceptive device containing estrogen and progestin; placed deep within the vagina for a three week period |
| Contraindications | Factors that make the use of a drug inappropriate or dangerous for a particular reason |
| Curette | A metal scraping instrument that resembles a spoon with a cup-shaped cutting surface on its end |
| Diaphragm | A soft rubber cup designed to cover the cervix |
| Dilation | Gradual expansion of an opening or passageway, such as the cervix |
| Dilation and evacuation (D&E) | A second-trimester abortion procedure that requires greater dilation, suction, and curettage than first-trimester vacuum aspiration procedures |
| Dilation and suction curettage (D&C) | A surgical procedure in which the cervical canal is dilated to allow the uterine wall to be scraped; vacuum apiration |
| Dilation and suction curettage (D&C) | A surgical procedure in which the cervical canal is dilated to allow the uterine wall to be scraped; vacuum aspiration |
| Ectopic pregnancy | A pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum implants at a site other than the uterus, typically in the fallopian tubes |
| Embryo | Development stage from the end of the second week after conception until the end of the eighth week |
| Emergency contraception | Contraceptive measures used to prevent pregnancy within five days of unprotected intercourse; also called postcoital or morning-after contraception |
| Enucleated egg | An ovum with the nucleus removed |
| False labor | Conditions that resemble the start of true labor; may include irregular uterine contractions, pressure, and discomfort in the lower abdomen |
| Fertility | The ability to reproduce |
| Fetus | Developmental stage from the beginning of the ninth week after the conception until birth |
| Human cloning | The replication of a human being |
| Intrauterine device (IUD) | A small, plastic, medicated or unmedicated contraceptive device that prevents pregnancy when inserted in the uterus |
| Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) | The abortion procedure performed in the earliest weeks after a pregnancy is established |
| Medication abortion | An abortion caused by the use of prescribed drugs |
| Minipills | Low-dose progesterone oral contraceptives |
| Oral contraceptive pill | A pill taken orally, composed of synthetic female hormones that prevent ovulation or implantation; "the pill" |
| Outercourse | Sexual activity that does not involve intercourse |
| Periodic abstinence | Birth control methods that rely on a couple's avoidance of intercourse during the ovulatory phase of a woman's menstrual cycle; also called fertility awareness, rhythm, or natural family planning |
| Placebo pills | Pills that contain no active ingredients |
| Postpartum | The period after the birth of a baby, during which the uterus returns to it prepregnancy size |
| Spermicides | Chemicals capable of killing sperm |
| Spontaneous abortion | Any cessation of pregnancy resulting from natural causes; also called a miscarriage |
| Stem cells | Premature (pluripotent) cells that have potential to turn into any kind of body cell |
| Sterilization | Generally permanent birth control techniques that surgically disrupt the normal passage of ova or sperm |
| Therapeutic cloning | The use of certain human replication techniques to reproduce body tissues and organs |
| Transcervical balloon tuboplasty | The use of inflatable balloon catheters to open blocked fallopian tubes; a procedure used for some women with fertility problems |
| Trimester | A three-month period of time; human pregnancies encompass three trimesters |
| Withdrawal (coitus interruptus) | A contraceptive practice in which the erect penis is removed from the vagina before ejaculation |
| Zygote | A fertilized ovum |
| Acupuncture | Insertion of fine needles into the body to alter electroenergy fields and cure disease |
| Allopathy | A system of medical practice in which specific remedies (often pharmaceutical agents) are used to produce effects different from those produced by a disease or injury |
| Ayurveda | Traditional Indian medicine based on herbal remedies |
| Brand name | Specific patented name assigned to a drug by its manufacturer |
| Chemical name | Name used to describe the molecular structure of a drug |
| Chiropractic | Manipulation of the vertebral column to relieve misalignments and cure illness |
| Compliance | Willingness to follow the directions provided by another person |
| Consumer fraud | Marketing of unreliable and ineffective services, products, or information under the guise of curing disease or improving health; quackery |
| Generic name | Common or nonproprietary name of a drug |
| Herbalism | An ancient form of healing in which herbal preparations are used to treat illness and disease |
| Homeopathy | The use of minute doses of herbs, minerals, or other substances to stimulate healing |
| Naturopathy | A system of treatment that avoids drugs and surgery and emphasizes the use of natural agents, such as sunshine, to correct underlying imbalances |
| Osteopathy | A system of medical practice in which allopathic principles are combined with specific attention to postural mechanics of the body |
| Primary care health providers | Health care providers who generally see patients on a routine basis, particularly for preventative health care |
| Quack | A person who earns money by purposely marketing inaccurate health information, unreliable health care, or ineffective health products |
| Quackery | The practice of disseminating or supplying inaccurate health information, unreliable health care, or ineffective health products for the purposes of defrauding another person |
| Self-care movement | The trend toward individuals taking increased responsibility for prevention or management of certain health conditions |
| Bias and hate crimes | Criminal acts directed at a person or group solely because of a specific characteristic, such as race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnic background, disability, or other difference |
| Child maltreatment | The act or failure to act by a parent or caretaker that results in abuse or neglect of a child which places the child in imminent risk of serious harm |
| Family violence | The use of physical force by one family member against another, with the intent to hurt, injure or harm |
| Homicide | The intentional taking of one person's life by another person |
| Identity theft | A crime involving the fraudulent use of a person's name, Social Security number, credit line, or other personal, financial or identifying information |
| Intentional injuries | Injuries that are purposely inflicted, either by the victim or by another person |
| Intimate partner violence (IPV) | Interpersonal violence perpetrated by a current or former spouse, date, or cohabiting partner |
| Stalking | A crime involving repeated visual or physical proximity, nonconsensual communication, or threats that would cause fear in a reasonable person |
| Terrorism | Any actions intended to harm or kill civilians in order to intimidate a populace or force a government to take some action. |
| Unintentional injuries | Injuries that occur without anyone's intending that harm be done |
| Air pollution | Substances in the atmosphere that can have adverse effects on human health, crop productivity, and natural communities |
| Air toxics | A class of 177 toxic air pollutants identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as known or suspected causes of cancer or other serious health effects |
| Asbestos | A class of minerals that have a fibrous crystal structure; a known carcinogen when inhaled |
| Biological air pollutants | Living organisms or substances produced by living organisms that cause disease or allergic reactions, including bacteria, molds, mildew, viruses, dust mites, plant pollen, and animal dander, urine or feces |
| Biological water pollutants | Disease-causing organisms that are found in water |
| Carbon monoxide | A gaseous by-product of the incomplete combustion of natural gas, kerosene, heating oil, wood, coal, gasoline, and tobacco; a compound that can "inactivate" red blood cells |
| Endocrine disrupting chemicals | A large class of substances that can interact with the system of glands, hormones, and tissues that regulate many physiological processes in humans, including growth, development from fetus to adult, regulation of metabolic rate and blood sugar, etc |
| Fecal coliform bacteria | A category of bacteria that live within the intestines of warm-blooded animals; the presence of these bacteria is used as an indicator that water has been contaminated by feces |
| Green space | Areas of land that are dominated by domesticated or natural vegetation, including rural farmland, city lawns and parks, and nature preserves |
| Greenhouse gases | A category of gases in the atmosphere that allow solar radiation to pass through the atmosphere to the Earth but then trap the heat that is radiated from the Earth back toward space; include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide |
| Ionizing radiation | Electromagnetic radiation that is capable of breaking chemical bonds, such as X-rays and gamma rays |
| Nonionizing radiation | Forms of electromagnetic radiation that cannot break chemical bonds but may excite electrons or heat biological materials |
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | Air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion |
| Radon | A naturally occurring radioactive gas that is emitted during the decay of uranium in soil, rock, and water |
| Solid waste | Pollutants that are in solid form including nonhazardous household trash, industrial wastes, mining wastes, and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants |
| Toxic pollutants | Substances known to cause or suspected of causing cancer or other serious health problems |
| Tropospheric ozone | Ozone comprises three oxygen atoms that are bound into single molecule; tropospheric ozone refers to this substance as it occurs in the lower layer of the atmosphere, close to the ground |
| Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) | A wide variety of chemicals that contain carbon and readily evaporate into the air |
| Crypts | Burial locations generally underneath churches |
| Direct (active) euthanasia | Intentionally causing death |
| Durable power of attorney for health care | A legal document that designates who will make health care decisions for people unable to do so |
| Epitaph | An inscription on a grave marker or monument |
| Eulogy | A composition or speech that praises someone; often delivered at a funeral or memorial service |
| Full funeral services | All the professional services provided by funeral directors |
| Hospice care | An approach to caring for terminally ill patients that maximizes the quality of life and allows death with dignity |
| Indirect (passive) euthanasia | Allowing people to die without the use of life-sustaining procedures |
| Living will | A legal document that requires physicians or family members to carry out a person's wishes to die naturally, without receiving sustaining treatments |
| Mausoleum | An above-ground structure, which frequently resembles a small stone house, into which caskets can be placed for dispositon |
Created by:
mcallahan2
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