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Epidemiology Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diminished capacity to perform within a prescribed range | disability |
| how is disability measured? | from minimal weakness to serious paralysis |
| what are the 5 common measures of disability? | 1. days of work lost 2. days of school missed 3. days of being confined to bed 4. cutdown days 5. days of restricted activity |
| what is a cut down day? | you are not on a full time day |
| what are examples of activities with daily living? | toileting, bathing, continence, dressing, feeding |
| an interruption, cessation or disorder of body functions, system or orgrans | disease |
| study of cause | etiology |
| infectious spread from person to person or animal to person; | communicable disease |
| invaders that spread communicable disease | pathogens |
| individuals to offspring via sperm, placenta, breast milk and vaginal fluid | vertical transmission |
| transmision from infected host to susceptible party; can be direct or indirect | horizontal transmission |
| what are the two types of horizontal transmission | direct and indirect |
| viruses, bacteria, parasites; some living microoranism that is capable of producing disease | pathogens |
| if a pathogen can enter the body and then survive and multiply, then what do we have? | an infectious disease |
| if bacteria multiplies, the larger the number means what? | the more virulent the disease |
| the disease evoking power of a pathogen | virulence |
| how are disease classified? | acute and chronic |
| what are the 3 characterisitcs of acute disease? | 1. sudden onset 2. short duration 3. 2 outcomes: complete recovery or death |
| what are the 3 characterisitis of chronic disease? | 1. slow onset 2. lengthy duration, maybe even lifelong 3. usually not life threatening, but symptoms may worsen over time |
| what means a disease is inflammtory? | ends in itis |
| 4 steps of progression of a disease | 1. stage of susceptibility 2. stage of presymptomatic disease 3. stage of clinical disease 4. stage of recovery, disability or death |
| what are the two types of immunity? | 1. active 2. passive |
| body produces its own resistance; long term | active immunity |
| resistance produced by another person or animal | passive immunity |
| what are the four ways of acquiring immunity? | 1. active natural 2. active artificial 3. passive natural 4. passive artificial |
| active natural example | developing or being exposed to a particular disease |
| active artificial example | vaccination |
| passive natural example | mother to fetus |
| passive artificial example | injection of antibodies |
| what are the 5 general categories of diseases? | 1. congenital/hereditary 2. allergy and inflammatory 3. degenerative 4. metabolic 5. cancer |
| metatstatic = ? | spreading |
| a neoplastic state, malignancy | cancer |
| passed down from one or both parents, may or may not be hereditary | hereditary |
| appears at birth | congenital |
| reaction to some antigen | allergy |
| what is inflammation characterized by? | 1. heat 2. redness 3. swelling 4. pain |
| due to wear and tear on the body | degenerative diseases |
| due to dysfunction, malfunction, poor function with a gland or organ | metabolic diseases |
| likeliehood to spread from one person to another | communicability |
| 5 means of transmisson: | 1. airborne respiratory 2. intestional discharge 3. open sore/lesion 4. vector borne 5. fomite borne |
| airborne respirtory transmission example | cold, flu, measles, small pox |
| intestional discharge transmission example | cholera, giardia |
| open sore transmission example | aids, small pox, herpes 1&2 |
| vector borne transmission example | rock mountain fever, lime disease, sleeping sickness |
| fomite borne transmission example | cold, flu, mumps, measles |
| exampels of microscopic sources of diease | bacteria, viruses, fungi, mold, yeast |
| animal sources of disease | protozoa, metazoa, arthropods |
| 1 cell animal soure of disease | protozoa |
| what are the two components of viability? | capacity of the disease to: 1. survive outside the host . exist ro thrive in the environment |
| portals of entry into the body: | respiratory, oral, reproductive, intranvenis, urinary |
| characteristics of notifiable diseases (4) | 1. started in 1961 2. cdc started 3. all about collecting and publishing data on a national and state level for notifiable diseases 4. ultimately a public health alert |
| what makes a disease notifiable? (3) | 1. causes a serious morbidity or death 2. potential to spread 3. can be controlled with appropriate intervention |
| what does morbidity consist of? | illness, sickness, mortality and death |
| who reports diseases? | 1. doctors 2. dentists 3. infection control personnel |
| what is the chain of command for reorting a disease? | 1. physician to 2. local health dept. to 3. state dept. of health 4. natl. center for health stats |
| what is the disease registry for? | non-cimmunicable disease reporting |
| what is the foundation of epi? | prevention and control |
| what are 3 key factors observed in controlling communicable diseases? | 1. to remove/eliminate/contain the cause of the source 2. disrupt and block the chain of transmission 3. protect the susceptible population |
| how can you protect the public from a contagious disease? | quarantine, isolate, sanitation, hygiene, immunization, chemoprophylaxis |
| the ida of sepearting sick persons from a healty population | quarantine |
| what was the first public health measure ever used for disease control? | quarantine |
| what 3 diseases are quarantine measures used for as designated by W.H.O. | 1. cholera 2. plague 3. yellow fever |
| a quarantine type activity; taking extra precautions | isolation |
| what are the 6 different types of isolation measures that are used? | 1. private isolation rooms 2. seperate infection control gowns 3. masks 4. all staff must be gloved 5. hand washing 6. all contaminated equipmen and clothing properly disposed of |
| what are the cdc established precautions? | 1. barrier methods 2. gowns if necessary, masks, eye protection, hand washing |
| what can cause a chronic disease? | 1. genetic susceptibility 2. lifestyles 3. environmental exposures |
| what are examples of chronic diseases? | heart disease, cancer, diabetes, COPD |
| how to min. chronic diseases and severity? | 1. changing behavior 2. moderating environmental exposure or risk factors |
Created by:
taysam05
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