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10th Health
Chapter 1 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| D1. pediatrician | provides primary care for infants and children |
| D2. metabolism | sum of all body activities related to the use of food and oxygen |
| D3. gastroenterology | treatment of diseases and disorders of the digestive system |
| D4. digestion | physical and chemical breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler water-soluble substances the body can use |
| D5. gingiva | tissue surrounding the teeth |
| D6. peristalsis | wavelike contractions that move food through the esophogus |
| D7. duodenum | the first 10 inches of the small intestine |
| D8. blood cholesterol | a fatlike substance that can accumulate in blood vessels and restrict blood flow |
| D9. amino acids | long chains of building blocks that form proteins |
| D10. saturated fatty acid | a straight fatty acid chain having as many hydrogen atoms as it can possibly hold |
| D11. unsaturated fatty acid | a bent fatty acid chain having fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms |
| D12. antioxidants | substances that neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals |
| D13. kilocalorie | the common unit for measuring the energy value of foods |
| D14. basal metabolism | the lowest rate of metabolism while at rest |
| D15. nutrient density | the proportion of nutrients compared to the number of calories the food contains |
| I1. the water-soluble vitamins | vitamin C, B complex vitamins |
| I2. the fat-soluble vitamins | vitamins A, D, E, K |
| I3. the vitamin that aids in proper blood clotting | vitamin K |
| I4. the electrolytes | chlorine, potassium, sodium |
| E1. Why is it important to eat foods with high nutrient density? | to obtain all the essential nutrients; foods with low nutrient density provide calories but lack important nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, protein, and fiber |
| E2. Why is yo-yo dieting not a recommended method for weight loss? | The cycle of losing and gaining makes it more difficult for someone to lose weight because with each cycle the body fat content becomes higher. |
| A1. epinephrine | adrenal gland |
| A2. insulin | pancreas |
| A3. melatonin | pineal gland |
| A4. somatotropin | pituitary gland |
| A5. cortisol | adrenal gland |
| A6. glucagon | pancreas |
| A7. estrogens | gonads |
| T1. What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins? | Incomplete proteins (from plant sources) lack one or more of the essential acids. Complete proteins (from animal sources or combined sources) supply all of the essential amino acids. |
| T2a. Which macronutrient should supply the majority of your total daily calories? | carbohydrates |
| T2b. Which food groups contain large amounts of this nutrient? | breads and cereals, vegetables, fruits (Plant proteins from the meat group may also contain complex carbohydrates; milk products contain lactose, a simple carbohydrate) |
| T3. When might you need to monitor your intake of vitamins and minerals? | if you are dieting or exercising strenuously on a regular basis |
Created by:
LiseBrinkley
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