Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Epidemiology Test 1
Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| foundation on which public health was built | epidemiology |
| what do we know about determinants? | causes, etc. of health related events |
| how are epidemiologic studies done? | through scientific investigations |
| what is epi a study of? | 1. distribution 2. determinants |
| what are the two methods of investigation? | 1. descriptive 2. analytic |
| what does the descriptive method of investigation consist of? | personal charactersitics such as: age, gender, race, religion, etc. |
| what does the analytic method of investigation consist of? | quantifying associations, testing the hypothesis and identifying causes |
| in epidemiology, what do we look at when we look at the number of cases? | 1. frequency 2. distribution |
| patterns are established | frequency |
| who, where, when, person, place, time | distribution |
| to identify risk factors, what do we look at? | casual associations |
| a step toward identifying causes is to determine what? | risk factors |
| a behavior, environment exposures, inherent human characteristics | risk factors |
| sum total of our being | composition |
| what do risk factors increase? | the probability of getting a disease or being involved in a health related event |
| the study of distribution and determinants of disease or any health related event | epidemiology |
| what does the application of epi consist of? | 1. prevention 2. control |
| studies occurence of disease/health related events in specified populations | epidemiologist |
| epidemiology is all about what? | meeting public health objectives and promoting over all health |
| what 3 types of health do epidemiologists promote? | 1. mental 2. physical 3. social health |
| what else is epidemiology group medicine known as? | population medicine |
| based on the medical model; haelth care provider to the patient | clincial medicine |
| identifies: if, where, when, who and place that health problems occur | public health assessment |
| what does a public health assessment serve as a guide to? and what are these based upon? | 1. health planning 2. policy making 3. resource allocation based upon: need |
| what are some activities of epidemiologists? 1-7 | 1. ID risk factors 2. describe the natural history of a disease 3. identifies pop. at risk 4. identify where the public health problem is greatest 5. monitor events over time 6. eval effectivness of programs 7. incorporate programs in communities |
| what are some activities of epidemiologists? 8 and 9 | 8. a resource person or the go to for q&A 9. public health educator |
| historically, what was epidemiology to investigate? | infectious diseases |
| what is another term for epidemic? | outbreak |
| what can an epidemic result from? | 1. a common source 2. propagated epidemic |
| a gradual epidemic spread from host to host | propagated epidemic |
| an epidemic as a result of exposure to a source at a point in time | common source epidemic |
| what are some examples of types of common source epidemics? | chemical, radiation and food poisoning |
| when is something considered an epidemic? | when it exceeds normal expectancy, above previous years |
| an ongoing, usual, constant presence of a disease in a community/group | endemic |
| large scale; typically world-wide | pandemic |
| what are the first two steps taken when an epidemic arises? | 1. investigation begins 2. epidemiologist will look for and study the cases |
| anyone who has the disease | case |
| how are cases found? (5 ways) | 1. clinical records 2. screenings 3. surveys 4. general data registry 5. cases themselves |
| first disease case in population | primary case |
| first case brought to the attention of the epidemiologists | index case |
| is the index case the same thing as the primary casE? | not always |
| cases that are infected off of the primary case | secondary |
| shows all the signs and symptoms, but not yet diagnosed cases | suspect case |
| no bumps, can only see | macules |
| rash is rising above the skin surface | papules |
| rash turns into sores | vesicles |
| pus-filled; fever appears again | pustules |
| will fall off after 3-4 weeks | scabs |
| what are the 4 epidemiological factors that contribute to the outbreak of disease? | 1. agent 2. host 3. environment 4. time related factors |
| chemical, physical, biological; can be a bacteria, virus, etc. | agent |
| the lodging for the pathogen; may or may not develop the disease | host |
| what are the 4 reasons that a host may or may not develop a disease? | 1. the level of immunity of the host 2. genetic makeup 3. level of exposure 4. overall fitness |
| biological, physical, social, cultural | environmental factors |
| heart health, respiratory health, etc. | overall fitness |
| what are the 7 time related issues in regards to out break of a disease? | 1. severity of illness 2. incubation 3. communicability 4. season/cycle 5. time of day 6. day of week 7. prognosis |
| the sum total of our being | constitution |
| what four things does an epidemiological triangle consist of? | 1. agent 2. environment 3. host 4. time |
| an epidemic can be stopped when one of the elements of the triangle is broken by doing one of what four things? | 1. inferred with 2. altered 3. changed 4. removed from exisstance |
| any non-living object capable of transmitting disease; examples | fomites; clothing, towels, toothbrush and utensils |
| tick, mite, mosquito, fly, etc.; they can spread disease by way of waste products, bite , body fluids, or indirectly through food contamination | vector |
| spreading or harboring a disease | carriers |
| a health carrier is also known as what? | active carrier |
| an individual that has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen, but they have recovered | healthy carrier |
| an individual that is in the recovery phase, but is still contagious | convalescent carrier |
| beginning to show symptoms and are capable of transmission | incubatory carrier |
| a person that has been exposed to and harbors, but can cause the disease to spread | intermittent carrier |
| what are the four different types of transmission? | 1. direct 2. indirect 3. airborne 4. waterborne |
| direct and immediate transmission of a pathogen from a host to a susceptible host | direct transmission |
| through droplets or dust particles that can carry the pathogen | airborne transmission |
| carried by a fomite to a susceptible host | indirect transmission |
| a pathogen that is carried by way of water | waterborne transmission |
| disease transmission occurs when the pathogen leaves the resevoir through a portal of exit; uses a mode of transmission, then the pathogen enters the body through a portal of entry and will infect the host if it is susceptible | chain of infection |
| what are the two types of human reservoirs that are recognized? | 1. symptomatic 2. asymptomatic |
| individual is showing symptoms | symptomatic |
| no signs of disease, but can still spread the disease | asymptomatic |
| what 2 things is prevention at its basic level? | 1. behaviorally directed 2. lifestyle oriented |
| what are the 3 levels of prevention? | 1. primary 2. secondary 3. tertiary |
| trying to prevent a disease or health related event from occuring at all | primary prevention |
| what are the 3 facets of primary prevention? | 1. health promotion 2. health education 3. health protection |
| early detection and prompt treatment | secondary prevention |
| limiting disability by providing rehab | tertiary prevention |
Created by:
taysam05
Popular Health & Social Care sets