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HIT 226 Ch. 2
Principles of Disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heredity Trauma Inflammation and infection Hyperplasias and neoplasms Nutritional imbalance Immunity | 6 Categories of disease |
| Hereditary diseases that are present at birth, even if not apparent | Congenital |
| Single gene abnormality Abnormality of several genes Abnormality of a chromosome | Classifications of hereditary diseases |
| the leading cause of death in children and young adults | trauma |
| the most frequent cause of serious injury overall | motor vehicle accidents (MVA's) |
| prioritizing of care | triage |
| a protective immune response that is triggered by any type of injury or irritant | inflammation |
| the invasion of microorganisms into tissue that causes cell or tissue injury | infection |
| excessive growth; an overgrowth in response to some type of stimulus | hyperplasia |
| new growth | neoplasm |
| neoplasms; swelling | tumor |
| the study of tumors or cancer | oncology |
| usually benign tumor arising from glandular epithelial tissue | adenoma |
| malignant tumor of epithelial tissue | carcinoma |
| benign encapsulated tumor of connective tissue | fibroma |
| malignant tumor of neurological cells | glioma |
| benign fatty tumor | lipomas |
| malignant tumor of the skin | melanoma |
| malignant tumor arising from connective tissue such as muscle or bone | sarcoma |
| have a limited growth and are encapsulated thus easily removed, and are not deadly | benign |
| enclosed in a capsule | encapsulated |
| grow uncontrollably; have finger-like projections into surrounding tissue, making removal very difficult; and are usually deadly | malignant |
| any malignant tumor | cancer |
| move | metastasize |
| move from site of origin to a secondary site in the body | metastatic |
| any individual who has an ill, thin, wasted appearance | cachexia |
| to administer by injection | parenteral |
| providing the total nutrition needed by giving nutritive liquid through a venous route | total parenteral nutrition (TPN) |
| small intestine route; tube feeding | enteral |
| Inflammatory response Antigen-antibody reaction | 2 ways the immune system protects the body |
| substances that cause the body some type of harm | antigens |
| immune bodies; proteins that the body produces to react to the antigen and render it harmless | antibodies |
| environmental substance that causes a reaction | allergen |
| house dust, grass, pets, perfumes, or insect bites | allergy |
| the immune response attacks itself | autoimmunity |
| the immune response is unable to defend the body due to a decrease or absence of leukocytes, primarily lymphocytes | immunodeficiency |
| Persons with immunodeficiency are usually asymptomatic except for recurrent infections | True |
| an immunodeficiency disease | AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) |
| the body's immune system recognizes the organ as foreign and attacks it | organ rejection |
| diseases related to aging | degenerative |
| not enough oxygen | hypoxia |
| no oxygen | anoxia |
| without growth; a decrease in cell size, which leads to a decrease in the size of the tissue and organ | atrophy |
| excessive growth; an increase in the size of the cell leading to an increase in tissue and organ size | hypertrophy |
| increased growth; an increase in cell number that is commonly due to hormonal stimulation | hyperplasia |
| bad or difficult growth; an alteration in size, shape, and organization of cells | dysplasia |
| changed growth; a cellular adaptation in which the cell changes to another type of cell | metaplasia |
| new growth; the development of a new type of cell with an uncontrolled growth pattern | neoplasia |
| cell hypoxia caused by decreased blood flow | ischemia |
| cellular death | necrosis |
| the area of dead cells | infarct |
| when saprophytic bacteria become involved in the necrotic tissue the tissue is described as having | gangrene |
| Gangrene can be wet, dry, or gas, depending on the appearance of the necrotic tissue | True |
| disability; the state of being diseased | morbidity |
| Lack of response to stimuli Loss of all reflexes Absence of respirations or breathing effort Lack of brain activity as shown by an electroencephalogram (EEG) | Criteria for determining brain death |
Created by:
adale3171
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