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Focus on Health # 3
Chapters 9, 10, 11 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atherosclerosis | Build up of plaque on the inner walls of arteries. |
| Cardiac muscle | Specialized muscle tissue that forms the middle (muscular) layer of the heart wall. |
| cerebrovascular occlusions | Blockages to arteries supplying blood to the cerebral cortex of the brain; stroke. |
| cardiovascular | Pertaining to the heart (cardio)and blood vessels (vascular). |
| Congestive heart failure | Inability of the heart to pump out all the blood that returns to it. |
| Coronary arteries | Vessels that supply oxygenated blood to heart muscle tissues. |
| Coronary artery bypass | Surgery designed to improve blood flow to the heart by providing new routes for the blood to flow around blockage. |
| Diastolic pressure | Blood pressure against blood vessel walls when the heart relaxes. |
| High-density lipoprotein (HDL) | Lipoprotein that transports cholesterol from the bloodstream to the liver where it is removed from the body. (Good cholesterol). |
| Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) | lipoprotein that transport cholesterol in the bloodstream; high levels are associated to heart disease. |
| Heart murmur | An atypical sound that suggests a backwashing of blood into a chamber of the heart from which it has just left. |
| Myocardial infarction | Heart attack; the death of part of the heart muscle as a result of a blockage in one of the coronary arteries. |
| Peripheral artery disease | Atherosclerotic blockages that occur in arteries that supply blood to the arms and legs. |
| Rheumatic heart disease | Chronic damage to the heart resulting from a streptococcal infection within the heart. |
| Stent | A device inserted inside a coronary artery during a percutaneous coronary intervention to prevent the artery from narrowing at that site. |
| Systolic pressure | Blood pressure against blood vessel walls when the heart contracts. |
| Transient ischemic attack | Strokelike symptoms caused by temporary spasm of cerebral blood vessels. |
| Alzheimer's disease | Gradual memory loss, confusion, and loss of reasoning, gradually leading to brain degeneration and death. |
| Autoimmune | An immune response against the tissues of a person's own body. |
| Benign | Noncancerous; localized nonmalignant tumors contained within a fibrous membrane. |
| Fistula | An open pathway between the gastrointestinal wall and other internal organs often caused by Crohn's disease. |
| Gail Score | A numerical expression of the risk of developing invasive breast cancer. |
| Gait | Pattern of walking. |
| Genetic Predisposition | An inherited tendency to develop a disease if necessary environmental factors exist. |
| Insulin | A pancreatic hormone required by the body for the effective metabolism of glucose (blood sugar). |
| Metastasis | The spread of cancerous cells from their site of origin to other areas of the body. |
| Oncogenes | Faulty regulatory genes that are believed to activate the development of cancer. |
| Prophylactic mastectomy | Surgical removal of the breasts to prevent breast cancer in women who are at high risk of developing the disease. |
| Prophylactic oophorectomy | Surgical removal of the ovaries to prevent ovarian cancer in women at high risk of developing the disease. |
| proto-oncogenes | Normal regulatory genes that may become oncogenes. |
| Regulatory genes | Genes that control cell specialization, replication, DNA repair, and tumor suppression. |
| Sclerotic changes | Thickening or hardening of tissues. |
| Sigmoidoscopy | Examination of the lowest section of the large intestine using a short, flexible fiber-optic scope. |
| Tumor | Mass of cells; may be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). |
| Acquired immunity | A form of immunity resulting from exposure to foreign protein (AI) |
| Acute rhinitis | The common cold; the sudden onset of nasal inflammation. |
| Antibodies | Chemical compounds produced by the body's immune system to destroy antigens and their toxins. |
| Artificially acquired immunity | A type of acquired immunity resulting from the body's response to pathogens introduced into the body through immunizations. |
| Cell-mediated immunity | Immunity provided principally by the immune system's T cells, both working alone and in combination with highly specialized B cells; also called T cell-mediated immunity. |
| Chlamydia | The most prevalent sexually transmitted disease; cause by nongonococcal bacterium. |
| Chronic fatique syndrome | An illness that causes severe exhaustion, fatique, aches, and depression; mostly affects middle aged women. |
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) | Sexually transmitted viruses, some of which are capable of causing precancerous changes in the cervix; also may cause genital warts. |
| Humoral immunity | Immunity responsible for production of antibodies; also called B cell-mediated immunity. |
| Lyme disease | A bacterial infection transmitted by deer ticks. |
| Mononucleosis | A viral infection characterized by weakness, fatigue, swollen glands, sore throat, and lowgrade fever. |
| Naturally acquired immunity | A type of immunity resulting from the body's response to naturally occurring pathogens. |
| Pandemic | An epidemic that has crossed national boundaries, thus achieving regional or international status (HIV/AIDS is a pandemic). |
| Passively acquired immunity | A temporary immunity achieved by providing antibodies to a person exposed to a particular pathogen. |
| Pathogen | A disease causing agent. |
| Peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum, or lining of the abdominopelvic cavity |
| Shingles | Painful fluid-filled skin eruptions along underlying sensory nerve pathways-due to reactivation of the chicken pox virus. |
| Toxic shock syndrome | A potentially fatal condition caused by the proliferation of certain bacteria in the vagina that enter the general blood circulation. |
| Virulent | Capable of causing disease. |
Created by:
smmck
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