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HUC Body Structures
HUC Studies - Body Structures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 10 major stystems of the body | skeletal; muscular; nervous; endocrine; cardiovascular; lymphatic; respirator; digestive; urinary and reproductive |
| Skeletal System | consists over the 206 bones in adult body; cartilage, ligaments and tendons. |
| cartilage | strong, yet flexible support for skeleton |
| ligament | band of fibrous tissue connecting bones or supporting organs |
| tendon | cords of connective tissue that attach muscle to bone or other structure. |
| Function of Bones | support and provide shape to body; protect internal organs; work with muscles to produce body movement; contain calcium. |
| Hematopoiesis | production of blood cells, mostly takes place in the red marrow of the bones. |
| PA & LAT CXR | Posterior/back to anterior/front and lateral/side view chest x-ray |
| CT of C1 to L5 | Computerized tomography scan from the first cervical vertebra and the last lumbar vertebra |
| MRI of R femur | Magnetic resonance imaging scan of right femur |
| C1-C7 | Cervical (neck) region; 7 bones, |
| T1-T12 | Thoracic (chest) region; 12 bones |
| L1-L5 | Lumbar (loin or waist); 5 bones |
| S1-S5 | Sacral (sacrum or lower back) region; 5 fused bones |
| Coccygeal | coccyx or tailbone region; 4 fused bones |
| spinal column | a long row of bones from the neck to the tailbone. |
| vertebra/vertebrae | each bone in the spinal column |
| disk (disc) | flexible connective tissue lies between each vertebra; composed of cartilage; cushion between bones. |
| stern/o | sternum (breast bone) |
| pelv/o | pelvis - made up of Ilium, Pubis, Ischium |
| femor/o | femur - thigh bone |
| patell/o | patella - knee cap |
| tibi/o | Tibia - shin bone (front) |
| fibul/o, perone/o | Fibula - bone behind/side of Tibia (shin bone) |
| tars/o | Tarsals - ankle bones |
| metatars/o | Metatarsals - long foot bones connecting to toes. |
| crani/o | Cranium - skull |
| clavicul/o | clavicle - collar bone |
| scapul/o | Scapula - shoulder blade |
| cost/o | Ribs |
| humer/o | Humerus - upper arm bone |
| radi/o | Radius - lower arm bone (thumb side) |
| uln/o | Ulna - lower arm bone (pinkie finger side) |
| sacro/o | Sacrum - lower back (5 fused bones above tail bone) |
| carp/o | Carpais - wrist |
| metacarp/o | metacarpals - long hand bones attach to fingers |
| phalang/o | Phalanges - fingers and toes |
| Muscular System | 650 + muscles; used for all body movement; give body shape and form. |
| Functions of Muscles system | responsible for: all body movement, movement is voluntary; body shape and form, voluntary; body heat, involuntary |
| Aldolase | enzyme that helps muscle turn sugar into energy. Tested to Dx and monitor skeletal muscle diseases. |
| Electromyography (EMG) | electrical recording of muscle activity that aids in the Dx of neuromuscular disease. |
| Muscles of the head area | frontalis, temporalis, orbicularis oculi, masseter, orbicularis oris, buccinator |
| Muscles of the neck area | sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae and scalenes, platysma, trapezius, |
| muscles of the chest | pectoralis major |
| muscles of the shoulder | deltoid, trapezius (in back) |
| muscles of the abdomen | serratus anterior, external oblique, rectus abdominus, linea alba |
| muscles of the arm | biceps brachii and triceps brachii (upper arm), brachialis (inside of elbow), extensors of hand and flexors of hand and fingers (lower arm) |
| muscles of upper leg (thigh/femur area) | Sartorius, adductors of thigh, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris (front); Adductor magnus, gracilis, Iliotibial tract, [biceps femoris, semitendinosus, Semimembranosus]-hamstring (back) |
| muscles of the booty | gluteus masimus |
| muscles of the knee | patella, patellar ligament (front), semimembranosus (back) |
| muscles of the lower leg (tibia/fibula) | tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, soleus, gastrocnemius (front) Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, soleus, calcaneal (Achilles) tendon, gastroncnemius (back) |
| Nervous System | complex, organized system of nerve cells that starts, oversees and controls all the functions of the body. Command center for all mental activity. Consists of brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves and spinal nerves. |
| Lumbar puncture | Needle puncture into the spinal canal to remove blood or fluid |
| VER | Visual Evoked Response - to Dx visual losses due to optic nerve damage, especially from multiple sclerosis |
| AER | Auditory evoked response - used to Dx hearing loss |
| BAER | Brainstem auditory evoked responses - distinguish damage to the acoustic nerve which arries signals from the ear to the brainstem from damage to the auditory pathways within the brainstem. |
| EEG | Electroencephalography - neurological test that measures the electrical signals the brain sends to the body |
| encephal/o | brain |
| cerebr/o | Cerebrum |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| medull/o | medulla oblongata |
| myel/o | Spinal cord |
| neur/o | nerve |
| cervical plexus | Nerves of the area of C1-C5 |
| Brachial plexus | Nevers of the area of C5-T1 |
| Lumbar plexus | Nerves of the area L1-L4 |
| Sacral plexus | Nerves of the area L4-S3 |
| Endocrine System | a group of glands that secrete substances (hormones) directly into the bloodstream. Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thymus, pineal body, placenta |
| Hormones | called chemical messengers b/c they are transported throughout body by bloodstream to targeted organs. Some hormones regulate release of other hormones. Act in response to nerve signals from target organ. |
| Cardiovascular System | also called circulatory system; components of heart, arteries, veins and capillaries, blood and also the lymphatic system; is longest system of body; passes blood, oxygen and nutrients to body cells; takes carbon dioxide away from body cells. |
| Arteries | blood carried away from heart by |
| Veins | blood carried into heart by |
| Lymphatic System | consists of lymph fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes and the spleen and thymus gland. Works with cardiovascular system b/c has no pump of its own. Function is to remove waste and excess fluids from tissues (Lymph) |
| Lymph | a watery fluid formed in body tissues and circulated in the lymphatic vessels. |
| Respiratory System | provides for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body and to produce sound from the larynx Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli and lungs. |
| Digestive System | a muscular tube, ~30 ft long; that extends from the mouth to anus; also called gastrointestinal system; consists of mouth, throat, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Function: break down food both physically and chemically |
| Urinary System | also known as excretory system; eliminates waste from the body. |
| Reproductive system | also called the genital tract; function reproduce. |
| Males reproductive system | testicles, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, urethra, prostate gland, and penis |
| Female reproductive system | ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva and breasts |
Created by:
1.patricia.chambers
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