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HUC Studies lab
HUC Studies - Laboratory Orders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| WBC | White Blood Count; counts white blood cells; often used to Dx infections; Hematology Department |
| VDRL | Venereal Disease Research Liboratory - screening for syphilis, Serology |
| U/A | Urinalysis |
| Trig | Triglycerides, to identify some types of hyperlipidemia, also is one factor used to determine LDL cholesterol, Chemistry department |
| T4 | Thyroxine, Chemistry Department |
| T3 | Trilodothyronie Resin Uptake, Chemistry Department |
| TSH | Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Chemistry Department |
| TIBC | Total Iron Binding Capacity, to determine the blood's iron-binding capacity, which can be helpful in diagnosing anemia, cirrhosis of the liver, and some infections, Chemistry Department |
| TCT | Thrombin Clotting Time, to monitor heparin therapy; Coagulation study; Hematology Department |
| TBG | Thyroid Binding Globulin, Chemistry Department |
| SGOT | Serum Glutamic-oxaloacetic, cardiac enzyme, to evaluate whether a heart attack has occurred, Chemical Department |
| RFP | Renal Function Profile, Lab Panel includes, Albumin, BUN, Cl, phosphorus, Ca, Creat, CO2, K, glucose, Na |
| RBC | Red Blood Count; Decreasing red blood cells may indicate anemia; increasing may indicate hypoxia due to a chronic condition; Hematology Department |
| RA / RA factor | Rheumatoid Arthritis / RA factor - Specific test for rheumatoid arthritis, Serology Department |
| PTT | Partial Thromboplastin Time, reported in seconds, % or INR (international normalized ratio) Demonstrates lack of any clotting factors except factor VIII; detects many bleeding disorders; monitors heparin therapy. Hematology Department |
| PT | Prothrombin Time, reported as time in seconds or % or INR (international normalized ratio). Clotting ability of the blood; monitors oral anticoagulating therapy. Hematology Department |
| PSA | Prostatic Specific Antigen, Determines the level of PSA in the body, which is used to diagnose prostate cancer and measure growth, Chemistry Department |
| PLT CT | Platelet Count, Coagulation Study, The number of platelets; a certain number of platelets are needed for coagulation process. Hematology Department |
| O & P | Ova and Parasites |
| NPO | Nothing by Mouth |
| NH3 | Ammonia, to measure liver function, Chemistry Department |
| Na | Sodium, electrolyte, helps to maintain balance of water and acid in body, Chemistry department |
| Mg | Magnesium, To measure the amt of magnesium in the blood, Chemistry Department |
| Lytes | Electrolytes, Lab Panel, Includes Na (sodium), K (potassium), Cl (chloride) and HCO3 (bicarbonate). These elements help maintain the body balance of water and acid. Chemistry Department |
| LH | Luteinizing Hormone, Chemistry Department |
| LDL | Low Density Lipoprotein, Cardiac enzyme, to evaluate whether a heart attack has occurred, Chemistry Department |
| LDH | Lactic Dehydrogenase |
| K | Potassium, an electrolyte that helps maintain balance of water to acid in body, Chemistry department |
| Iso's | Isoenzymes, determines the variations in the enzymes responsible for an elevation in enzymes such as LDH, CK, and CPK, Chemistry Department |
| INR | International Normalized Ratio |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus - specific test to test for the virus that causes AIDS, Serology Department |
| Hgb | Hemoglobin, To assess the amt of iron in the blood; Dx anemia; Hematology Department |
| HEPF | Hepatic Function, panel of tests include Albumin, Alk Phos, ALT, AST |
| HDL | High-Density Lipoprotein, To measure "good" cholesterol in blood, Chemistry Department |
| Hct | Hematocrit, to assess blood loss, Hematology Department |
| HCO3 | Bicarbonate, an electrolyte that helps maintain balance of water to acid in body, Chemistry department |
| hCG | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Pregnancy Test. Requires collection of first morning void of urine. |
| HBsAG | Hepatitis B Surface Antigen - test used to determine hepatitis B, Serology Department |
| HbA1c, HgbA1C | Glycosylated Hemoglobin, provides a picture of the glucose on the red blood cells for the past 3 months, Chemistry Department |
| GTT | Glucose tolerance test, to determine the amt of sugar in the blood drawn at timed intervals. Pt is required to drink specific amt of glucose soln. Test looks for changes in glucose metabolism. Chemistry Department |
| FSH | Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Chemistry Department |
| Fib | Fibrinogen Level, (Coagulation Study) the fibrinogen level of the blood; low levels may indicate rare genetic disorders or sever liver disease. Hematology Department |
| Fe | Iron, to measure the amt of iron in blood. Chemistry |
| FBS | Fasting Blood Sugar, A fasting test to determine the amount of sugar in the blood, Chemistry Department |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid |
| Diff | Differential- to test which of the five types of white blood cells is increasing or decreasing, Hematology Department |
| C & S | Culture and Sensitivity- can be performed on any specimen in culture medium to check for bacterial growth. Growth takes abt 24 hours, species of bacteria is identified. Id takes 24 hrs-10 days. Sensitivity to id antibiotics effective in treating bacteria. |
| Creat | Creatinine, serum creatinine, serum or urine test to diagnose renal disfunction |
| CPK | Creatine phosphokinase, cardiac enzyme, to evaluate whether a heart attack has occurred, also to measure release of enzyme Chemistry Department |
| COR | Coronary Risk (lipid profile), Lab Panel includes Chol, LDL, Trig, HDL (Ca), Chol/HDL Ratio |
| CO2 | Carbon Dioxide |
| CMP | Comprehensive Metabolic Panel, Lab Panel, includes Albumin, bili total, Ca, Na, Alk Phos, K, protein total, BUN/Creat, AST, CO2, ALT, Cl, glucose |
| Cl | Chloride, an electrolyte that helps maintain the balance of water to acid in body. Chemistry Department. |
| CK | Creatine kinase, cardiac enzyme, to evaluate whether a heart attack has occurred, also to measure release of enzyme, Chemical Department |
| Chol | Cholesterol, to measure function of liver, Chemistry Department |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| CEA | Carcinoembryonic antigen - elevated titer indicates liver, colon or pancreas cancer, Serology Department |
| CC | Colony Count - performed on urine sample to measure amt of bacteria present. Must be a clean catch midstream. Pt collects, nurse may assist or cath used. |
| CBC | Complete Blood Count; Lap Panel, Includes Hgb, Hct, WBC, RBC, Diff; Hematology Department |
| Ca | Calcium, to measure amt of Ca in blood, Chemistry Department |
| BUN | Blood Urea Nitrogen, to evaluate kidney function, Chemistry department |
| BS | Blood Sugar |
| BMP | Basic Metabolic Panel, Panel of test including Carbon dioxide (CO2), Cl, Creat, glucose, Ca, BUN, K, Na, Anion gap, |
| Billi | Bilirubin, to measure liver function, Chemistry Department |
| AST | Aspartate Transaminase, cardiac enzyme, To evaluate whether a heart attack has occurred, Chemistry Department |
| ASO / ASO titer | Antistreptolysin O / ASO titer - elevated titer indicates presence of streptococcal infection, Serology Department |
| ANA | Antinuclear Antibody - Determines presence of autoimmune diseases, Serology Department |
| ALT | Alanine Aminotransferase |
| Alk Phos | Alkaline Phosphatase, To evaluate bone and liver disease, Chemistry Department |
| AIDS | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
| AHEPP | Acute Hepatitis (Hepatitis Profile) Lab Panel includes Hepatitis A antigen, HBA, hepatitis B core antibody, hepatitis C antibody |
| AGAP | Anion Gap |
| AFB | Acid-Fast Bacilli - culture performed on sputum. To id acid-fast bacilli which may cause tuberculosis. |
| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Chemistry Department |
| Acid Phos | Acid Phosphatase, to diagnose metastatic cancers, Chemistry Department |
| laboratory | provides testing to help health care professionals diagnose and evaluate patient health conditions. Maybe within facility or a private business. |
| HUC communicates frequently with laboratory | 1. ordering laboratory tests 2. receiving the results. |
| For every laboratory test that is order, HUC needs to know | 1. the type of specimen that is needed 2. who will collect the specimen 3. if a consent is required 4. in what type of container the specimen will be transported |
| point-of-care stations | set up with basic laboratory testing equipment to provide test results quickly so that the health care team can use the results to plan the care of the patient. |
| specimen collection | The type of specimen required depends on the test requested. Common types of specimens collected include blood, urine, stool and tissue. |
| transport medium | a broad term used to describe what the specimen will be placed in to be sent to the laboratory. It is the container in which the specimen is collected and delivered to the lab. |
| examples of transport medium | culture bottles, culturettes, dipstick containers, jars, petri dishes, plastic bags, slides, tubes, vials |
| Most common type of specimens collected | blood samples |
| phlebotomist | laboratory staff person who draws the patient blood samples |
| blood samples maybe obtained : | venipuncture, capillary puncture or arterial puncture or central venous line |
| Venipuncture: Colored tops added to blood tubes tell what is added to the specimen. | Red: nothing added Red and black: silicone gel added Green: heparin added Lavender:EDTA added Blue: sodium citrate added Gray: glycolytic inhibitor (oxalate and fluoride) added |
| Capillary Puncture | The skin is punctured to draw blood. Heel, toe, finger is used. Common way to draw from infants or for glucose level monitor. |
| arterial blood sample | requires special skills and may be performed by the physician or a respiratory therapist |
| central venous line | is a catheter or tube inserted through the subclavian vein |
| Timed Blood Specimens | 1. collected randomly or at a specific times 2. affected by food or fluid intake |
| postprandial | after meals |
| Timed Blood Specimens Examples | blood glucose and cholesterol tests, patients may have to fast or NPO (nothing by mouth) before the test. If fasting, NPO after midnight. |
| Peak and Trough levels | How specific medication is being absorbed by patient. Blood collected before medication administered is trough. Blood collected after medication is given is called peak. Peak and trough with antibiotics: Gentamycin or Tobramycin. |
| Absorption tests | performed to measure how pt absorbs specific chems. Lactose tolerance test Dx carbohydrate malabsorbtion; D-Xylose test indirect measure intestinal absorption; glucose tol test study carb metabolism. Pt injest chem & have timed blood specimens collected. |
| Stool Specimens | collected by nursing staff placed in sealed, labeled container sent to lab. May need to be to lab in specific time. HUC may take. |
| Urine Specimens | nursing staff or patient care staff instructs pt how to collect. Pt urinates in container. Staff collects urine from container & puts in proper container for transport to lab. Some can go in pneumatic tube. Amt req, container & what added varies w/ test. |
| Timed Urine Specimens | Most is randomly voided spec. Some req spec. to be collected @ certain time or certain length of time. I.e. pregnancy test and 24 hr specimen collection. Preg test (hcg) usual req 1st morning void. Creatinine clearance req urine be coll & saved for 24 hrs |
| 24-Hour Urine Collections | All urine voiced in 24 hr period is collected in a container labeled as such. Nursing staff collects specimens; HUC requests test. Does not request test until collection is complete. Some test req. an additive. If so HUC request container first. |
| Tissue Specimens | Physician usually collects tissue specimens from patients in pt room, OR, or endoscopy dept. Tissue can be coll. during evasive procedure or by scraping in treatment room. Size of spec depends on test. |
| Specimen Collection Department | Dept of Lab. To obtain and process all the specimens that arrive in the laboratory for testing. Where HUC delivers specimens.Routes properly id specs to correct dept for processing |
| Labeling Specimens | All specimens must be correctly labeled with correct pt info and test being requested. |
| Microbiology Department | Dept in Lab responsible for identifying organisms. Performs tests on blood, stool, urine, sputum, vaginal smears, drainage from wounds, nose and throat specimens. |
| culture medium | a special substance that the specimen is placed upon or into allow bacteria to grow and multiply |
| Gram stain (microbiology - bacteriology test) | may be performed on many types of specimens. Classifies bacteria as gram negative or gram positive. Available before C&S results, dr can order appropriate gram(-) or gram(+) antibiotic. |
| Blood Cultures | often order on pt when dr suspects septicemia (bacterial infection of bloodstream) as "blood cultures 10 min apart from 2 diff sites" Venipuncture or arterial line |
| Microbiology Department Divisions | Bacteriology, Parasitology, Mycology, Virology |
| Bacteriology | Division of Microbiology:The study of bacteria that cause disease, Example test: Gram stain |
| Parasitology | Division of Microbiology:The study of parasites that cause disease, Example Test: Stool specimen for O&P (ova and parasites) |
| Mycology | Division of Microbiology:The study of fungi that cause diseases, Example Test: Test to determine if fungi present |
| Virology | Division of Microbiology:The study of viruses that cause diseases, Example test: virus cultures |
| Serology Department | is responsible for the testing of specimens that produce a recordable reaction between an antibody and an antigen. Tests provide supporting info ie previous infection, exposure to organism. Often with transplant pts, RA, HIV, some influenza. |
| Antigen | any substance that triggers an immune response. |
| Antibody | the body's response to a foreign substance. Are produced to fight the specific foreign substance. |
| Cytology Department | the study of cells. Cells can be from body fluid or tissue. Determine cell type and if pre-cancer or cancer exists. Pap smear and biopsy is common. |
| Pap smear | can be performed on any cells for presence of cancer; most often as tool for cervical cancer. Uses a staining method on cells from cervix collected during pelvic exam. Cytology |
| biopsy | specimen collected by dr; sent to cytology. Hand delivered. |
| Chemistry Department | performs test to determine chemical changes in body fluids. Chem change from normal indicates disease process. Can be done on Blood, urine. Dr to indicate. May require pt fast NPO 8-10 hours before test. Heart disease, diabetes, infections, hypertension |
| Cortisol | test from Chemistry Department |
| Folate | test from Chemistry Department |
| Schilling Test | test from Chemistry Department |
| Urine glucose | Test used to determine amt of glucose in urine. Often ordered in addition to serum glucose. Chemistry Department |
| Amylase | Test to evaluate acute pancreatitis, Chemistry Department |
| troponin | cardiac enzyme, test to evaluate whether a heart attack has occurred. |
| Uric acid | test used to diagnose gout, Chemistry department |
| Urine creatinine | A test used to determine the amt of creatinine in the urine. may be ordered alone or with a serum creatinine. Elevated creatinine may indicate kidney problems. Chemistry Department |
| Urine protein | A test ordered to determine the amt of protein in the urine. Elevated protein in urine may indicate urinary system problems including the prostate gland. Chemistry department |
| Urine osmolality | A test ordered to determin ethe kidney's ability to dilute and concentrate. Chemistry Department |
| Lab panel | Test groupings that can be ordered as one request. May be built to meet the insurance provider's requirements. May be nationwide and may have been created to provide needed results at best possible price. |
| Hematology Department | Study of the blood cells, coagulation and bleeding disorders. Usually performed on serum specimens, but can on spinal fluid and bone marrow. Performed by automatic counters (hematology analyzers) for accuracy rather than manual under microscope. |
| Coagulation tests | performed in hematology department; provide info on the clotting ability of blood. 12 factors are involved in clotting process, not all necessary for clotting. Pt may be at risk for a bleeding problem or for a thrombus to form. May take meds to thin blood |
| Urinalysis Department | processes the tests requested on urine specimens. Urine is tested for color, clarity, pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, sediment |
| Urine color | how dark it appears, based on a specific color wheel |
| Urine clarity | How clear or cloudy the specimen appears |
| Urine pH | The acidity or alkalinity |
| Urine Specific gravity | Concentration level |
| Clotting Time | Tests the length of time it takes for blood to clot; Hematology Department |
| Urine Protein | The amt of protein (albumin) in the urine |
| Urine Glucose | amt of sugar in urine |
| Urine Blood | amt of blood in urine |
| Urine Bilirubin | amt of bilirubin in urine |
| Urine Urobilinogen | amt of urobilinogen in urine |
| Urine Sediment | Evaluating the sediment in the urine to detect organisms, intact cells and crystals. |
| Urine test collection Processes | Random, Voided; Clean catch midstream, catheterized |
| Random Urine specimen | no specific time or collection type requested |
| Voided Urine specimen | no specific time; voided specimen requested |
| Clean catch midstream Urine specimen | No specific time; midstream specimen requested; following defined cleaning procedure, specimen is collected in the middle of the voiding process. |
| Catheterized Urine specimen | no specific time; urine specimen is collected using catheter |
| Blood Bank Department | also called transfusion services; provide the blood and blood products to the pt for transfusion. Dr. will order transfuse blood products; may be written as type and cross-match require a draw of blood to check for type. |
| Blood types | A, B, AB and O. positives or negatives |
| Blood cross-match | pt blood same is tested to make sure it is compatible with the blood that will be transfused to see if any clumping occurs. Clumping indicates non compatibility |
| Blood transfusion process | Dr request sent to lab. Lab will check to see if pt typed & x-matched in timeframe; Blood bank will prepare blood product to be infused & send to pt care unit. When it arrives HUC notify nurse responsible for transfusion. Nurse must be notified stat. |
| Donor services Department | department of laboratory that collects blood from donors. Easily accessible by public. Conducts blood drives. Collected blood sent to transfusion service department where it is processed to be provided to pt when ordered by Dr. |
| Albumin | Blood Component:Reason: shock, low blood volume; electrolyte imbalance, low protein |
| Whole Blood | Blood Component: Reason: to restore blood volume; could be decreased because of hemorrhage or trauma |
| Erythrocytes | Blood Component: Reason: To restore red blood cell count |
| Immunogloblin | Blood Component: Reason: To provide globulin when there is a deficiency |
| Leukocytes | Blood Component: Reason: to aid in treating infections; restore cells damaged by chemotherapy |
| Plasma | Blood Component; Reason: Increases blood volume; used to treat blood-clotting deficiency; may be used to treat hepatitis |
| Platelets | Blood Component; Reason: Used to treat blood-clotting deficiency |
| autologous blood | donation where pt donates his own blood for a planned surgery. |
| Pathology Department | Often department within Laboratory. Study of disease. Interpret results of laboratory tests for the attending physicians. |
| Order: CBC today | Routine time request; Next time the laboratory makes a routine run to the unit they will draw the specimen for Complete Blood Count. The lab makes a run every 2 hours to the surgical unit. |
| Order: CBC in AM | AM time request: Test needs to be ordered for the morning of the next day. Lab draws the AM lab specimens on the surgical unit at 6a.m. |
| Order: CBC now | Stat! Lab would go to the surgical unit and draw the specimen as soon as possible after receiving request. |
| Order: CBC at 11 am | Specimen to be drawn at time requested 11 am |
| Order: CBC | Unknown time: the HUC would ask Dr at what time the test should be ordered. |
| Receiving Lab Results | Lab reports must be attached to the correct patient chart. May be paper ore electronic reports. |
| Transcription Steps: 1. Read the entire order set thoroughly | Careful reading of the orders allows HUC to review, prioritize, and check for incomplete or illegible orders. |
| Transcription Steps: 2. Prioritize orders | Determin the urgency of the orders within all the charts needing transcription. Decide what orders in the order set need to be transcribed first. A patient who has laboratory orders stat and in the a.m. should have the stat orders transcribed right away. |
| Transcription Steps: 3. If medications are included in the order set, send the order carbon or copy to the pharmacy. | This step maybe omitted for lab orders. However, IV fluids are needed to transfuse certain blood products; these fluids may be stocked in the pharmacy. |
| Transcription Steps: 4 Communicate the order to the individual or department that will be performing order. | The HUC will communicate laboratory orders to the laboratory department and to the patient care staff responsible for the patient. |
| Transcription Steps: 5. Record the orders on the patient Kardex or care plan. | Record the lab order as written from the physician's order form to the patient Kardex, care plan, and/or lab board. |
| Transcription Steps:6. Record medication orders on the medication administration record. (MAR) | This step may be omitted for lab orders except for transfusion orders. Transfusion orders are usually recorded on the MAR. |
| Transcription Steps: 7. Check off each order in the set as completed. | Placing a check mark by each order as it is transcribed can help the HUC track orders even when interrupted. |
| Transcription Steps: 8. Re-read and check all work for accuracy. | Because of multiple requests received by the HUC, re-reading and checking work is a necessity. |
| Transcription Steps: 9. Sign off the order with name, title, date, and time. | the health unit coordinator is accountable for the orders transcribed. |
Created by:
1.patricia.chambers
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