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NUT: Carbs
Carbs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Families of Carbs | Sugar, Starch, Fiber |
| Carbs are mainly made of... | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen |
| Monosaccarides | Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Pentoses |
| Most abundant monosaccaride | Glucose |
| Monosaccaride found in fruits, vegetables, and honey | Fructose |
| Accounts for 9-11% of American Diet | Fructose |
| Found in milk and other dairy products | Galactose |
| Found in combination with Glucose = Lactose | Galactose |
| DNA and RNA monosaccaride | Pentose |
| Disaccarides | Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose |
| Alpha bond of two glucose's found in beer | Maltose |
| Glucose and fructose alpha bonded to make common table sugar | Sucrose |
| Glucose and Galactose by beta bond - primary sugar in milk | Lactose |
| Oligosaccarides | Raffinose, Stachyose |
| 3 monosaccarides | Raffinose |
| 4 monosaccarides | Stachyose |
| ___% of your diet is carbs | 45-65% |
| Body prefers this macronutrient for energy | Carbs |
| RDA for carbs | 130g/day |
| Polysaccarides | Starch, Glycogen, Fiber |
| Digestible polysaccarides (alpha) | Starch and Glycogen |
| Indigestible polysaccaride (beta) | Fiber |
| What polysaccharide is lost during slaughter | Glycogen |
| How many kcal's of Glycogen are in the liver? | 360 |
| How many kcal's of Glycogen are in the muscle? | 1200 |
| 4 Types of Fiber | Dietary, Functional, Insoluble, Soluble |
| RDI for Fiber | 14g/1000 kcals |
| Where is starch found? | Legumes, Tubers, Grains |
| Where is fiber found? | Grains, Legumes, Tubers |
| Benefits of Fiber | Cardiovascular health, weight management, intestinal health |
| Fiber has what effect on carbs? | Slows down digestion |
| How much energy do north americans get from their carbs? | 50% |
| Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added sugars to what % total energy intake | 6% |
| Added sugar account for ___% of carb intake | 16% |
| Functions of Carbs | Provide Energy, Preventing Ketosis |
| Ketosis | Insulin production decreases |
| Functions of Fiber | Promote Bowel Health, Reduce Risk Obesity, Enhance Blood Glucose Control, Reduce Cholesterol Absorption |
| Salivary amylase | breaks down starch |
| Very high fiber diets | dry stool, decreased absorption, reduce overall food intake, |
| High Sugar Diets | Compromise bone development, increase risk of weight gain, heart disease, cavities |
| Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance | Bloating, Gas, Diarrhea |
| ___% of the worlds population is lactose intolerant | 75% |
| Hyperglycemia | FBS > 126 |
| Hypoglycemia | FBS < 50 |
| High FBS levels can cause | Cytoacidosis |
| Cytoacidosis | insufficient use of fatty acids |
| When it comes to FBS, the Liver... | Controls the amount of glucose in the bloodstream |
| The Pancreas releases | Insulin |
| Glycemic Index | Ratio of blood glucose response to a given food compared with a standard |
| Glycemic Load | Accounts for carb intake and the glycemic index |
Created by:
cruseb1
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