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Chapter 2 L.S
The Human Body In Health & Disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abdominal cavity | The cavity within the abdomen, the space between the abdominal wall and the spine. |
| adenectomy | Surgical excision of a gland |
| adenocarcinoma | a cancer originating in glandular tissue |
| adenoma | non-cancerous tumors that can grow on the glands |
| adenomalacia | abnormal softening of a gland |
| adenosclerosis | hardening of a gland |
| anaplasia | Reversion of cells to an immature or a less differentiated form, as occurs in most malignant tumors |
| anatomy | the science that studies the structure of the body |
| anomaly | marked deviation from normal, especially as a result of congenital or hereditary defects |
| anterior | situated near or toward the head or part most nearly corresponding to a head |
| aplasia | lack of development of an organ or tissue |
| bloodborne transmission | one of the ways some viruses are spread |
| caudal | syndrome is a disorder that impairs the development of the lower (caudal) half of the body. |
| cephalic | presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first |
| chromosomes | a long, stringy aggregate of genes that carries heredity information and is formed from condensed chromatin. |
| communicable disease | It is an illness caused by an infectious agent, such as bacteria, virus, fungi or parasites and/or toxin |
| congenital disorder | is a condition existing at birth and often before birth, or that develops during the first month of life |
| cytoplasm | the substance that fills the cell. It is a jelly-like material that is eighty percent water and usually clear in color |
| distal | it refers to parts of the body further away from the center. |
| dorsal | Of, toward, on, in, or near the back or upper surface of an organ, part, or organism |
| dysplasia | abnormality of development |
| endemic | a disease occurs frequently and at a predictable rate in a specific location or population |
| endocrine glands | glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct |
| epidemic | affecting or tending to affect a disproportionately large number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time |
| epigastric region | the part of the abdomen in the upper zone between the right and left hypochondriac regions. |
| etiology | the study of the causes of diseases |
| exocrine glands | are glands that secrete their products into ducts |
| functional disorder | disorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified |
| genetic disorder | an illness caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes, especially a condition that is present from before birth |
| geriatrician | A physician who specializes in geriatrics. |
| hemophilia | a group of bleeding disorders in which it takes a long time for the blood to clot |
| histology | the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals. |
| homeostasis | The ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes. |
| hyperplasia | increased cell production in a normal tissue or organ |
| hyphertrophy | an increase in mass or girth, of a muscle can be induced by a number of stimuli. The most familiar of these is exercise. |
| hypogastric region | The lower part of the abdomen |
| hypoplasia | A condition of arrested development in which an organ or part remains below the normal size or in an immature state |
| iatrogenic illness | effects of medical treatment by a physician or surgeon. |
| idiopathic disorder | any disease arising from internal dysfunctions of unknown cause |
| infectious disease | also known as transmissible diseases or communicable diseases comprise clinically evident illness |
| inguinal | either the groin or the lower lateral regions of the abdomen. |
| medial | toward the middle or center |
| mesentery | the double layer of peritoneum that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior wall of the abdomen |
| midsagittal plane | a plane passing through the nasion when the skull is oriented in the Frankfurt horizontal |
| nosocomial infection | Any infection acquired while in a hospital or healthcare setting |
| pandemic | occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting an exceptionally high proportion of the population |
| pelvic cavity | a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis |
| peritoneum | thin membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities, and covers most abdominal viscera |
| peritonitis | an inflammation (irritation) of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs |
| phenylketonuria | is a rare condition in which a baby is born without the ability to properly break down an amino acid called phenylalanine |
| physiology | the scientific study of function in living systems |
| posterior | Further back in position; of or nearer the rear or hind end |
| proximal | nearest to a point of reference, as to a center or median line or to the point of attachment or origin. |
| retroperitoneal | space is the anatomical space in the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum. |
| stem cells | are cells found in most, if not all, multi-cellular organisms |
| thoracic cavity | The second largest hollow space of the body. It is enclosed by the ribs, the vertebral column, and the sternum, or breastbone |
| transverse plane | Any plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts, roughly perpendicular to spine. |
| umbilicus | the navel; the scar marking the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus. |
| ventral | Relating to or situated on or close to the abdomen; abdominal |
| vector-borne | indirect transmission of an infectious agent that occurs when a vector bites or touches a person. |
| transmission | the passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a conspecific individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected |
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