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HIT 220 Ch. 1
Introduction to Computer Systems for HIT Ch. 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| specialty software used to facilitate the assignment of diagnostic and procedural codes | encoders |
| computer software program that assigns appropriate DRGs according to the info provided for each episode of care | DRG grouper |
| a confederation of Internet servers that support documents formatted in a computer language | World Wide Web |
| the overseers that perform clinical research to ensure that patient data are collected confidentially and that patients are treated with respect during the study | Institutional Review Boards (IRB's) |
| the computer's brain or the circuits that make the electrical parts function | central processing unit (CPU) |
| measurement of computer operating speed | megahertz (MHz) |
| temporary memory | cache memory |
| long-term memory a common unit of how memory is measured in a computer | random access memory (RAM) |
| can handle thousands of users or many networks of users simultaneously | mainframe computers |
| client computer | laptop computer |
| handheld device popular in the healthcare setting because it is small and can be carried in a pocket | personal digital assistant (PDA) |
| (jump drive) removable data storage device impervious to scratches and dust | flash drives |
| plastic encased discs that use a finely focused laser beam to write and read data | compact discs (CD's) |
| similar to a CD except these hold more data | Digital Video Disc (DVD) |
| larger than the DVD capacity | Blue-Ray disc |
| 1,000 kilobytes | megabyte |
| 1,000 megabytes | gigabyte |
| major input device | keyboard |
| used for PDA's and laptops as a pointing device | stylus |
| perform various tasks within the computer and with certain software | function keys |
| capitalizes letters | shift key |
| used to eliminate any text or characters to the right of the cursor's position | Delete key |
| used to delete any character that is to the left of the cursor | Backspace key |
| a primary key that is used to signal to the computer the end of a paragraph and the end of any command | Enter key |
| a toggle switch key can insert and replace text if it is toggled between on/off mode | Insert key |
| spacing purposes | Tab key |
| used when the user wants to move a step back within a screen or program or quit a screen or program entirely | ESC key |
| either used alone or with the Alt key so that the contents of the monitor's screen can be printed | Print Screen key |
| enable movement through a document one page at a time | Page Up and Page Down keys |
| With the Ctrl key pressed takes the user to the very beginning or the very end of the document | Home and End keys |
| move the cursor in the direction of the arrows | Arrow keys |
| a peripheral input device used by pointing the hand to correspond with movement on the computer screen | mouse |
| emits an electronic signal and an image on the screen at the exact spot where the pen touches think "Jeopardy" | light pen |
| similar to the light pen in that it works by touch of the fingertip onto the monitor screen | touch screen |
| used to present the images or data to the user (touch screen) | graphical user interface (GUI) |
| both an input and output device; converts characters and text to digital data digitizes data so that it can be read, analyzed, and stored by a computer | scanner |
| used to take still pictures that are then converted to a digital format | Digital cameras |
| an input device used to capture and send video images | webcam |
| enables a user to input voice directly into the computer | microphone |
| a device that smaller computer devices such as PDA's or palmtops will rest in as data are uploaded into the workstation PC | docking station |
| "barcoding" This process is used to index documents scanned within an optical disc imaging system | Optical character recognition (OCR) |
| 3 main parts of a personal computer | CPU Memory Storage devices |
| the processor or central processor measured in gigahertz (GHz) makes the computer work or process functions | CPU "the brain" |
| contain only memory for storage capacity | memory chips |
| 2 areas of the CPU | control area arithmetic/logic area |
| memory that has been programmed onto a chip at the factory and cannot be changed | Read-only memory (ROM) |
| a temporary memory within the computer that is basically used when the computer need to borrow memory | cache |
| small disk files that contain software does taht are instructions for the computer and are the first files that a computer reads when "booting up" | system files |
| arranges data to travel in serial form or one bit at a time | serial port |
| unidirectional ports set up to send parallel data | parallel port |
| used for connecting devices such as flash drives, digital cameras, and iPods | USB ports |
| a port to allow the wiring of the PC to a phone line so that the computer can connect to the Internet and for facsimile purposes | modem |
| similar to a USB port can handle 63 devices and or typically used for camcorders, DVD players, and digital audio equipment | FireWire port |
| used to transmit data by infrared light waves files can be transferred without the use of wires | Infrared Data Association (IrDA) port |
| uses radio waves as its signals | Bluetooth port |
| Wireless Application Protocol cards are sued as the input data | Wireless Markup Language (WML) |
| needed to translate images or pictures from electrical currents onto the monitor or screen | video card |
| enables the computer to reproduce sound from electrical currents for speakers, headphones, the microphone, and input from peripheral devices | sound card |
| a bus architecture that can route data at greater than 8 gigabytes per second in each direction within the bandwidth this greater bandwidth is used for applications such as streaming video and photo editing | PCI-Express (PCI-E) |
| permits the communication inside the comput4ers components within the memory | internal bus |
| allows communication with external devices such as a printer or scanner | external bus |
| contains the lines or unique address of the data's destination | address bus |
| a bank of electrical bits; these are actual data | data bus |
| a traffic cop within the computer, directing the electrical traffic so that it does not stop or slow down | bus |
| measured in dpi or dots per inch | resolution |
| arranged in dots or squares and typically 3 or 4 colors, such as some combination of red, green, blue, magenta, yellow and black | pixel |
| uses pixels that are wedged between thin plastic layers of electric current or electrodes, making the pixels translucent and resulting in a bright image | Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen |
| similar to LCD screens; the grid arrangement uses subpixels | plasma screen |
| 1 million pixels | megapixel |
| originally similar to the underscore and would blink at the user | cursor |
| impact nonimpact | printers |
| a printing mechanism that makes a series of dots per inch (DPI) | dot matrix printer |
| use energy from a fast, flashing laser light source to create the images on a special drum; from static electricity, the ink powders are transferred to the sheet of paper | Laser printers |
| use heat to transfer the ink onto the sheet of paper or other medium | Thermal printers |
| use tiny nozzles to spray the ink onto the sheet of paper | Ink jet printers |
| used to display a presentation on a screen to a large audience or classroom | data projector |
| the angle of the image is projected slightly tilted in any direction | keystoning |
| optical disk technology format data cannot be altered or misfiled on health records once it has been permanently etched onto a laser disk with WORM techology | write once read many (WORM) |
| etched by a laser onto a disc platter offers record usage to multiusers | optical disc |
| digitizes documents on laser discs to capture, store, retrieve, process, distribute, and print information. use a computer, a scanner, a magnetic disc, a file server, optical disc platters, a jukebox, and a printer | optical disc systems |
| optical disc system advantages | quick access to data multiple users simultaneously security levels documents cannot be lost or misplaced documents cannot be altered |
| the instructions that make a computer work the instructions that direct the computer in its operation, regulate the hardware, and allow several programs to run simultaneously | operating systems |
| Linux,an alternative to Windows | free and open source software (FOSS) |
| involves the computer CPU, or brain, working to timeshare tasks so that several functions can be done at once | multitasking |
| a specific type of software that is made to interact with hardware devices | device driver |
| used when an application is used for the entire facility, such as applications involving e-mail, network security issues, and the internet | enterprise software |
| the operating systems and the applications | programming languages |
| a basic unit of storage within a computer 0 or 1 | bit |
| a string of 8 numbers | byte |
| 1000 gigabytes | terabyte |
| FORTRAN - formula translator COBOL - common business-oriented language BASIC - Beginner's all-purpose symbolic Instruction Code MUMPS - Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi Programming System | Programming languages |
| programming language that is an offshoot of C and C++ write once, compile once, and run it anywhere program | Java |
| tag as a header tag as a footer | HTML |
| this is the way the computer encodes text | markup |
| text-based on international standards advanced version of HTML | Extensible Markup Language (XML) |
| one of the first languages developed and was primarily intended for use in text and database publishing | Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) |
| serves numerous workstation computers at a single site or remotely where all the computers on a network connect | hub computer |
| a network that does not use a central server or hub, and all the computers perform duties at the same time | peer-to-peer network |
| a security device that controls access from the Internet to a local network | firewall |
| provide firewall security for networks and route data between networks using Internet Protocol addresses | routers |
| large networks that could run hundreds of computers in various counties or states | client/server networks |
| computers that are located within a local area and are networked to a host server | local area network (LAN) |
| not geographically located near each other | wide area networks (WAN) |
| a connection between a computer and a network can also be a connection between 2 or more networks | interface |
| Ethernet switches and hubs turn signals on and off as the data move through cables to each node or workstation | star network |
| a bridge between digital and analog signals that converts data on and off modulates and demodulates | modem |
| used for computers with a telephone connection only and Internet service through the local telephone company | dial-up modem |
| connects to a PC and a cable-ready television using the cable television pathway | cable television modems |
| uses the telephone lines but also uses pure digital signals | digital subscriber line (DSL)modem |
| has a large capacity, so there is no waiting for signals and accessing the Internet is instant | broadband bandwidth |
| a device for plug-in for the PC, laptop, or PDA to communicate to the network | wireless network interface card wireless card |
| the computers that are networked together are lined up on a single cable | bus network |
| similar to a ring or circle of computers in the network. There is no beginning or end within the loop. data flow around this circle until it reaches the exact computer address that it is meant to reach | token ring network |
| hierarchical network the main computer is the root or the first level; the next level of computers that are connected is the 2nd level. must have 3 levels | tree network |
| any combination of networks that can work together star-bus star-tree | hybrid network |
| connects each computer to the next in a series | daisy chain network |
| a private network that is available for their own employees and authorized persons. the firewall security to restrict unauthorized users is primarily what distinguishes it from the Internet | intranet |
| an Internet system that allows selected external users limited access to private networks | extranet |
| manages the financial activities of a healthcare facility | financial applications |
| limited to a monitor and keyboard bare minimum of hardware uses the server's PC to perform all functions | dummy terminals |
| the brain of the PC and performs all functions of the computer where the system files are located | hard drive |
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