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RADS 4307 Oncology
Study material from Oncology 2
| Answer | |
|---|---|
| Small, white, raised patches on the mucous membrane. | Leukoplakia |
| Lesion on the epidermis marked by the presence of a circumcised overgrowth of the horny layer. | Keratosis |
| Reddened, velvetlike patches on the mucous membrane. | Erythroplasia |
| Most common histology of cancers in the aerodigestive tract. | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Most common malignant tumor of the head and neck cancers | Larynx |
| True/False: Treatment of the glottis often require a boost to the lymph nodes. | False: The glottis (true vocal cords) has no lymph nodes |
| Cancer of the oral cavity is most common in _____ | India |
| Define hemiglossectomy: | Surgical removal of half of the tongue |
| The pharynx extends from ______ to _______ | Area behind the nose (Nasopharynx); esophagus |
| Most common site of disease in oropharynx | Tonsils |
| Cranial nerve responsible for talking and sounds | Nerve X: Vagus nerve |
| True/False: Cancers of the hypopharynx are usually advanced. | True |
| What is the primary factor involved with the prognosis of CNS tumors? | Tumor grade |
| Common route of spread for medulloblastomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) | Via Cerebrospinal fluid to points in the central nervous system |
| In a whole brain treatment field, how much flash is necessary at the superior border? | 1 cm |
| During a craniospinal axis treatment, at what dose is the gap shifted to avoid hot or cold spots? | every 1000 cGy |
| What category of drugs are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier? | Nitrosoureas |
| What drug is commonly prescribed to patients receiving brain irradiation to reduce swelling? | Decadron |
| Patch of red or brown, scaly, rough kin, which can develop into squamous cell carcinoma | Actinic Keratosis |
| What is the most common type of skin cancer? | Basal cell carcinoma |
| A rare and aggressive form of skin cancer that usually appears as a flesh-colored or bluish-red nodule. | Merkel cell carcinoma |
| Deepest layer of the epidermis; containing melanocytes, Merkel cells and stem cells capable of producing keratinocytes. | Stratum basale (stratum germinativum) |
| Slow-growing, temperate tumor associated with nodular purple lesions. | Kaposi's sarcoma |
| Tiny blood vessels visible on the skin's surface | Telangiectases |
| Surgical technique for the removal of certain cutaneous carcinomas that allows precise microscopic marginal control by using horizontal frozen sections. | Mohs micrographic surgery |
| Melanoma staging system describing the total vertical height of the melanoma, from the granular layer to the area of deepest penetration. | Breslow's depth |
| Staging for melanoma that refers to how deep the tumor has penetrated into the layers of the skin | Clark's level |
| True/False: Melanoma is an extremely radiosensitive cancer. | False: Radiation therapy is limited to palliative therapy in melanoma patients |
| Hodgkin's lymphoma is classified as such due to the presence of what cells? | Reed-Sternberg cells |
| The combination of a mantle field and para-aortic field is referred to as ______ | extended-field irradiation |
| What staging system is used for Hodgkin's lymphoma? | Ann Arbor Staging System |
| What is the gold standard treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma? | ABVD chemotherapy regimen |
| A majority of lymphomas in the U.S. are _____ origin. | B Cell |
| What chemotherapy regimen is commonly used for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? | CHOP |
| Mainstay of treatment for brainstem gliomas | Radiation Therapy |
| Slow growing tumors originating from the supporting cells of the brain | Astrocytomas |
| Pediatric tumors arising from the ventricular linings that can be cerebral or posterior fossa in location | Ependymomas |
| Rare kidney cancer that primarily affects children | Wilm's Tumor |
| The most common intraocular tumor in young children; usually discovered as a result of abnormal retinal light reflex | Retinoblastoma |
| Tumors that arise in the midline of the cerebellum, can invade the fourth ventricle and brainstem, and has a high propensity to spread thoughout the CSF | Medulloblastoma |
| The master gland is the _____ | Pituitary gland |
| What is the most common endocrine tumor? | Thyroid |
| What is the most common symptom of thyroid cancer? | Neck swelling or mass |
| Hormone produced by the pituitary gland that, when secreted excessively, can result in female infertility | Prolactin (PRL) |
| Preferred treatment for adrenal medulla tumors | Surgery |
| The most common osseous malignant bone tumor | Osteosarcoma |
| A condition characterized by excessive and abnormal bone resorption and formation | Paget's Disease |
| Bone tumor that occurs in the diaphysis of long bones | Ewing's sarcoma |
| What is the most common site of metastasis for soft tissue sarcomas? | The lungs |
| Tiny red spots on the skin caused by the escape of small amounts of blood | Petechiae |
| What is the most common type of leukemia in adults? | Acute myelogenous leukemia |
| Type of leukemia classified by the presence of Auer rods | Acute myelogenous leukemia |
| The most common pediatric malignancy | Acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| For which type of leukemia is previous radiation exposure not an etiological factor? | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
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ll4727
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